The department of Physics was established in 1949. It is one of the oldest departments of the college, almost as old as the college itself. It has a dedicated staff of 7 members in the Degree College, 14 members in the Junior college section and 10 non-teaching staff. The department boasts of its well equipped spacious laboratories. The laboratories are regularly upgraded to cater to the demands of the revised syllabi.

Physics was recognized as a major subject at the B. Sc. level in 1952 and the department obtained permanent affiliation in Physics (major) in 1957. The department has since then produced Physics graduates year after year and the department is proud of its well placed Alumni.

The department since its inception has had the following as Heads of department:

Mr. Khubchandani	1949 – 1956
Mr. J. Belani	1956 – 1966
Mr. V. Bhardwaj	1966 – 1970
Mr. V. Rao	1970 – 1978
Mr. M. Kulkarni	1978 – 1992
Mr. J. Seshan	1992 – 2004
Mrs. A. Shroff	2004 – 2009
Mrs. F. Mistry	2009 onwards

The department of Physics has introduced programs in keeping with the changing needs of society and the student community. The 4- year B. Sc. degree pattern was modified to the 3-year pattern in 1977.The Applied Component subjects of Electronic Instrumentation and Computer Programming were introduced in the same year in order to expose the Physics students to the varied applications that the subject offers. A degree in Vocational Instrumentation at the B.Sc. level was offered during the academic years 1998-2002.

In addition to the Degree college section, the department also has a Junior college section. Students of the Junior college are given the option of vocational courses of Electronics and Computer Science. These are offered to students in lieu of Biology and a language. Students admitted to the vocational courses are the top of the line in the class X Board examinations.

The department has a sincere, dedicated and well – qualified teaching faculty who relentlessly strive to produce well – rounded, balanced individuals with academic as well as co-curricular skills. In 1978, the Physics department initiated ‘The Electronics Hobby Centre’ to generate an interest in the youth to undertake projects in Electronics, which was then an upcoming field. This centre led to the development of the Physics Society in1981. It fulfils its aim through educational field trips, visits to research institutes, public lectures by eminent scientists, science exhibitions, quiz and poster competitions etc.

The non-teaching staff too is highly efficient and contributes to the smooth functioning of the laboratories. They regularly upgrade their skills by attending workshops conducted by the University of Mumbai and W.R.I.C (Western Regional Instrumentation Centre).An innovative initiative of the department was to conduct a one week workshop titled ‘An Elementary Program for lab attendants’ to familiarize the laboratory staff with the functioning and handling of laboratory equipment. Today the department is proud that its non-teaching faculty handles minor repairs and maintenance of its instruments very effectively.

The Department of Physics continues to provide and exposure to recent advances in the subject to its students. The department of Physics jointly with the department of Mathematics organized a UGC Sponsored National Science Seminar titled, ‘New Frontiers in Science and Technology – Challenges and Opportunities’ on 18th January 2010. Its main objective was to acquaint faculty and students with the frontline research taking place in various fields and to create awareness about the exciting opportunities in science. The Chief Guest for the function was Dr. R. Chidambaram, Principal Scientific Advisor to Govt. of India and the keynote speaker was Prof. Devendra Lal of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California.  

Our USP: To awaken and satisfy the students’ innate curiosity through knowledge coupled with hands-on experience.

E-mail: phyjhc1011@gmail.com

Third Year Results : University Examination

Academic Year	Pass %	Topper with %
2004 – 05	93.8%	Vijayanand Pradhan 62.1%
2005 – 06	80.0%	Gulshan Kumar 77.2%
2006 – 07	87.5%	Suraj & Ankit Kumar 70.9%
2007 – 08	72.0%	Binita Verma 84.1%
2008 – 09	87.5%	* Kanika Sachdev 89.5%
2009 – 10	85.71%	Sheroy Tata 84.83%

* University Topper 2nd Rank

Name	Experience	Qualifications	Specialisation
Ms. F. Mistry Head of the Department	32 yrs	M.Sc., M.Phil., D.H.E	Electronics
Dr. S. Khatua	27 yrs	M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D	Solid State Physics
Ms. D. Daruwalla	27 yrs	M.Sc., M.Phil., D.H.E	Electronics
Dr. V. Dhar	21 yrs	M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D	Solid State Physics
Ms. M. Joshi	11yrs	M. Sc., NET	Solid State Electronics
Mr. S. Dange	7 yrs	M. Sc., NET	Non linear dynamics
Mrs. J. Mayekar	5 yrs	M.Sc., SET	Solid State Physics

Revised Syllabus in Physics (Theory & Practical)

First Year B.Sc.

The revised syllabus in Physics for the First Year B.Sc. course will be implemented from the academic year 2008-09.
The scheme of examination for the revised course in Physics at the First Year B.Sc. Examination will be as follows.

Scheme of Examination

Theory	Title	Examination	Maximum Marks	Maximum Marks After Conversion
Paper – I	Mechanics, Properties of Matter, Heat, Sound & Optics	First Term Second Term	50 50	30 30
Paper – II	Electricity, Magnetism, Electronics, Atomic, Nuclear and Modern Physics	First Term Second Term	50 50	30 30
Practical Paper – I	Experiments from Group – A		30	30
Practical Paper – II	Experiments from Group – B		30	30
Certified Journal *	Regular + Skill + Demonstration Experiments		10** (5+3+2)	10
Practical		Viva – Voce	10	10
Total Marks	Theory Practical			120 080
				200

Each paper is divided into six equal units. Units 1,2,3 of each paper are to be taught during first term and Unit – 4,5,6 to be taught during second term. The duration of each paper will be 2 hours for first as well second term examination.

Examination paper will consist of four questions, out of which first three questions will be on each unit with internal option, fourth question is to be set on all the three units with internal option and should be of objective nature.

Question one and two will be of 13 marks each and questions three and four will be of 12 marks each. All four  questions in paper are compulsory.

For practical examination, the candidates will be examined in two experiments (one from each group). Each experiment will be of three hours duration. In all, minimum 7 experiments from each group, minimum 4 from demonstration and all skill experiments are required to be completed compulsorily. Students are required to report all experiments in the journal.

*A candidate will be allowed to appear for the examination only if the candidate submits a certified journal of F.Y.B.Sc. Physics or a certificate from the Head of the Department/ Institute to the effect that the candidate has completed the practical course of F.Y.B.Sc. Physics as per the minimum requirement.

**Of the total marks for the journal, 5 marks are to be allotted for the report of the regular experiments, 3 marks for the skill and remaining 2 marks are to be allotted for the report of demonstration of experiments.

F.Y.B.Sc. Physics

Paper – I (Mechanics, Properties of Matter, Heat Sound, Light)

Unit : I

1. Newton’s Laws
   Newton’s first, second and third laws of motion.
   Interpretation and applications, pseudo forces.
   Worked out examples (without friction): 1,2,3,5 Chapter 5 – HCV
   Worked out examples (with friction): 1,2,3,4 Chapter 6 – HCV
   Ref.:  5.1 to 5.5 and 5.7
   Add. Ref.: TM, HRW
2. Elasticity : (Elastic constants Y,K,η, σ: review)
   Equivalence of shear strain to compression and extension strains
   Relation between elastic constants, Couple for twist in cylinder.
   Ref.: HP : A to 15.5A and 15.7.A
   Add Ref.: DSM
3. Fluid Dynamics :
   Equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s equation, streamline and turbulent    flow, lines of flow in airfoil, Poiseuille’s equation.
   Ref.: HP 15.2B to 15.6B
   Add. Ref.: HCV, DSM

Unit: II

Concept of heat, the first law, non adiabatic process and heat is a path function, internal energy, Application of first law to simple processes, heat capacity and specific heat, general relations from the first law: the enthalpy, the case of an ideal gas, dependence of temperature of the atmosphere on height above sea level, worked examples, problems.

Ref.EG: Chapter 3, page no. 44 to 64

Unit: III

1. Wave motion in one dimension. :
   General solution of wave equation, classification of waves, examples of one dimensional waves : transverse wave on string, longitudinal waves on rod, pressure waves on gas.
   Ref. SPP : 6.1, 6.2, 6.5, 6.5.1, 6.5.2, 6.5.3.
2. Ultrasonics
   Piezoelectric effect,
   Production of ultrasonic waves : piezoelectric crystal method  : Magnetostriction method.
   Detection, properties and applications of ultrasonic waves.
3.  . Acoustics of buildings
   Reverberation, Sabine’s formula (without derivation)
   Absorption coefficient, acoustics of buildings, factors affecting acoustics of buildings, sound distribution in an auditorium.
   Ref : MS 5.1 to 5.6, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15.

Unit :IV

1. Compositon of two SHMs:
   (Definition of SHM and composition of two parallel SHMs of the same period: review)
   Composition of two perpendicular SHMs having same period and period in the ratio 1:2, Lissajous figures.
   Ref: SPP 2.4.1, 2.4.3, 2.4.4.
2. Mechanics of a system of particles:
   Centre of mass of a system of particles, linear momentum of a system of particles and its conservation, angular momentum of a system of particles and its conservation.
   Rocket motion (neglecting gravity)
   Ref: TM : 9.2,9.3,9.4,And 9.11

Unit :V

1. Geometric optics:
   Refraction through lenses   : thin lens, thick lens, lens combination.
2. . Aberrations:
   Spherical aberration, reduction of spherical aberration, chromatic aberration, condition of achromatism.
3. Simple table spectrometer:
   Adjustment, measurement of angle of minimum deviation.
4. Interference of light:
   Interference in thin films, fringes in wedge shaped films, Newton’s rings.
   Ref: S. B 2.1 to 2.11, 2,14, 2.15, 3.5 to 3.11, 3.25 to 3.28, 4.36, 4.37,8.15 to 8.25.

Unit- VI

Laser: Introduction, Transition between Atomic energy states (without derivation), Principle of Laser, Properties of Laser, Helium-Neon Laser, Application of Laser to Holography and other applications.
Ref.: SP: 9.1 to 9.6, 9.10, and 9.11.

Fibre Optics:Light propagation through Fibres, Fibre Geometry, Internal reflection, Numerical Aperture, Step-Index and Graded-Index Fibres, Application of Fibres.
Ref.: SP: 13.3, 13.5, And 13.9.

Note:A good number of numerical examples are expected to be covered during the prescribed lectures.

References.

1. HCV: Concept of Physics- H.C. Verma (Part-1) 2002 Ed.Bharati Bhavan Publishers
2. HP: Mechanics: Hans and Puri, 2nd Ed. Tata McGraw Hill.
3. EG: Basic Thermodynamics- Evylen Guha (Narosa Publication)
4. SPP: Fundamentals of vibration and waves–SP Puri (Tata McGraw Hill)
5. MS: Properties of matter and Acoustics-R Murugeshan and K. Shivaprasath, S Chand & Co. Ltd. (2005-Ed)
6. TM: Classical Dynamics – Thornton and Marion (5th Ed.) Thomson  Books
7. SB: A Text Book of Optics, N. Subramaniyam and Brij Lal, S. Chand and Co. 22nd Ed. (1994)
8. SP: Modern Physics Concept and Applications – Sanjeev Puri, Narosa Publication.

Additional References

Unit – I

1. TM : Classical Dynamics – Thronton & Marison (5th Ed.)
2. DSM : Element of Properties of Matter – DS Mathur, S Chand & Co.
3. HRW : Fundamental of Physics (extended) – Haliday, Resnick and Walter (6th Ed.), John Wiley and Sons.

Unit – II

1. Heat and Thermodynamics – M. W Zemonsky & R H Dittman. McGraw Hill
2. Theory and Experiments on Thermal Physics- D.K. Chakrabati (2006 Ed.) Central book.

Unit – III

1. A Text book of Sound – Subramaniyam and Brij Lal
2. A Text book of Sound – M.N. Srinivasan, Himalayan Publishing House.
3. Acoustics – Waves and Oscillations – S.N. Sen – Wiley Estern Ltd.
4. Sound – F.G. Mee, Heinmann Educational Books Ltd. 

Unit – IV

1. DSM : Element of Properties of Matter – D.S. Mathur, S. Chand & Co. (Ed. 2001)
2. KRS: Mechanics – K R Symon – Addison – Wesley Plublishing Co.

Unit – V

1. Principles of Optics – B.K. Mathur and T.P. Pandya (3rd Ed.) 1981, McGraw Hill International.
2. Fundamentals of Optics – Khanna and Gulati (1994), S.Chand.
3. Optics – C.L. Arora, S. Chand & Co. Ltd. (2001)

Unit – VI

1. Fundamentals of Optics – Jenkins and White. (4th Ed.) McGraw Hill International.
2. Optics – Ajay Ghatak (2nd Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Electronic Communication System and Device – Kennedy. (4th Ed) Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Fibre Optics – Kaiser, McGraw Hill.

F.Y.B.Sc. Physics

Paper – II (Electricity, magnetism, electronics, atomic, nuclear and modern Physics.) 

Unit – I (15 lect.)

1. Transient response of circuits:
   Series LR, CR and LCR circuit. Growth and decay of current.
   CR : 14.1 to 14.3
2.  Alternating current theory: (Concept of L,R and C: Review)
   Complex numbers, AC circuit containing pure R, pure L and pure C, Series L-R, C-R and LCR circuits.
   Resonance in LCR circuit (both series and parallel), Power in AC circuit, Q factor.
   Transformer : (Ref. CR : Art 5.12 Omit phasor diagram & Auto transformer)
   CR – 15.2, 15.5 to 15.12

 Unit – II

1. Nuclear atom, electron orbits, atomic spectra, Bohr atom, energy levels and spectra, correspondence principal, nuclear motion, atomic excitation.
2. X – Rays production, continuous and characteristic X ray spectra, X – Ray Diffraction, Bragg’s Law.

AB: 4.1 to 4.8, 2.4, 2.5,2.6.

Unit – III

1. Rectifier circuit: (Half wave and Full wave rectifier : Review)
   Bridge rectifier: Efficiency and Ripple factor of Full wave Rectifier, Filter circuits: types of filter circuits – capacitor filter, choke input filter, pi Filter, Voltage stabilization – Zener diode as voltage stabilizer.
2. VKM : 9.10 to 9.20, 9.22, 9.23.
3.  
4. Transistor as amplifier – CB, CE,CC modes. Definition of gain alpha, beta(dc & ac) and relation between them. CE amplifier: - operation, Load line Analysis, operating point, cut off and saturation points.
   VKM : 11.7 to 11.17, 11.21.
5.  Digital electronics (Logic Gates : Review)
   De-Morgan’s Theorems. NAND & NOR as Universal Building blocks.
   EX-OR gate : Logic expression, logic symbol, truth table, Implementation using basic gates and its applications : Controlled inverter, Half Adder, Full Adder.
   VKM : 28.8 TO 28.14, 28.19
   LM : 6.7

Unit – IV (15 – lect.)

1. a. Circuit theorems:
   Thevenin theorem, Norton theorem, Reciprocity theorem, Maximum power transfer theorem.
   CR : 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.10, 7.11
   
   b. A C bridges:
   General AC Bridge, Maxwell, de-Sauty, Wien, Schering.
   CR : 15.14
2.  Electromagnetic Measuring Instruments:
   General theory of MCG, dead beat and ballistic galvanometer.
   Difference between dead beat and ballistic galvanometer
   CR – 12.1, 12.2, 12.4, 12.5.

 Unit – V (15 – lect.)

1. Nuclear composition, some nuclear properties, stable nuclei, binding energy, meson theory of nuclear forces.
2. Radioactive decay: Five kinds, Radioactivity and the Earth, Radiation Hazards, Half Life, Radioactive Dating, Successive Disintegration A => B => C (stable), Radioactive Series and Radioactive Equilibrium.AB : 11.1 to 11.4, 11.7, 12.1 to 12.3.

Unit – VI (15 – lect.)

1. Compton Effect, Pair production, Photons and Gravity, Gravitational Red Shift.
2. De Broglie Waves, Wave function, Particle Diffraction, Davisson Germer Experiment, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle.
   AB : 2.7,  2.8, 2.9, 3.1, 3.2, 3.5, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9.

Note:A good number of numerical examples are to be covered during the prescribed lectures.

References :

1. CR : Electricity and Magnetism – D. Chattopadhya and P.C. Rakshit (4th Ed.) Reprint 2000) Books and Allied (P) Ltd.
2. AB : Concepts of Modern Physics – A. Beiser (6th Ed.), Tata McGraw Hill.
3. VKM : Principles of Electronics – V.K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta (2006 revised Ed.), S. Chand and Co.
4. LM : Digital Principles and Applications – Leach and Malvino (5th Ed.), Tata MGraw Hill.

Additional References

Unit I and IV

1. Mechanics and Electrodynamics – Brij. Lal, N. Subramaniyam, Jivan  Seshan (Revised and enlarged Ed. – 2005) S.Chand.
2. Schaum’s Outline Series – Electricity and magnetism – Administer.

Unit – III

1. Electronic Principles and applications – A. B. Bhattacharya, Central Publisher.
2. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory – Boylestad and Nashelsky (6th Ed.) Prentice Hall of Inida
3. Electronic Principles – A P Malvino (5th Ed.), Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Digital Electronics – Tokheim (4th Ed.) – McGraw Hill International Edition.
5. Digital Principles and applications-A. P. MAlvino ,Mc Graw Hill International

Unit – II, V and VI

1. Perspectives of modern Physics – A. Beiser, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Quantum Mechanics – S. B. Singh, M.K. Bagde, Kamal Singh, S. Chand (Reprinted 2000).
3. Nuclear Physics – S. B. Patel, New Age International Pvt. Ltd.
4. Atomic and Nuclear Physics – S.N. Ghosal (2nd Ed. 2000) S. Chand & Co.
5. Atomic & Nuclear Physics – A.B. Gupta and Deepak Ghosh, Books & Allied (P) Ltd. (2nd Ed. 1999.)

 Revised Syllabus in F.Y.B.Sc. Physics Practicals

(Mechanics, Properties of Matter, Heat, Sound, Light.)

(Group A)

Regular experiments

1. Flywheel
2. Torsional oscillations
3. Bifilar Pendulum
4. Helmholtz Resonator
5. Y by Vibration
6. η by Poisseuli Method
7. J by Electrical Method
8. Spectrometer (determination of angle of prism A)
9. Spectrometer (determination of refractive index μ of material of prism)
10. Combination of lenses
11. Newton’s rings
12. Wedge Shaped Film

 (Electricity, Magnetism, Electronics, Modern Physics)

(Group B)

Regular Experiments

1. Thevenin’s theorem
2. Norton’s Theorem
3. L R Circuit
4. C R Circuit
5. Frequency of AC mains
6. LDR Characteristics
7. LCR Characteristics
8. Bridge rectifier (to study regulation)
9. Zener diode as regulator
10. Transistor (CE) Characteristics
11. DeMorgan’s Theorems
12. EX – OR Gate, NAND and NOR as Universal Building Blocks.

Demonstration Experiments

1. Angular momentum conservation (Rotating platform)
2. Brewster’s law
3. Laser beam divergence, intensity
4. Use of oscilloscope
5. Charging and Discharging of capacitor
6. Use of PC for graphs, demonstration experiments
7. Single Slit Fraunhoffer diffraction.
8. Faraday’s Induction Experiment.

 Skill Experiments

1. Use of Vernier Callipers, Micrometer Screw Gauge and Travelling Microscope
2. Graph plotting
3. (Exponential, Straight line with intercept, Resonance curve etc.)
4. Spectrometer : Schuster’s Method
5. Use of DMM

 Note :- The practical examination system will remain same as at present, but skills will be tested within the given experiment. Viva-voce should be based on the work as recorded in the journal.

References

1. Advanced course in Practical Physics D. Charropadhya, PC. Rakshit & B. Saha. (6th Edition) Book & Allied Pvt. Ltd.
2. B.Sc. Practical Physics – Harnam Singh, S. Chand & Co Ltd. – 2001
3. A Text book of advanced Practical Physics – Samir Kumar Ghosh New Central Book Agency – (3rd edition)
4. B.Sc. Practical Physics – C.L. Arora (1st Edition) – 2001 S. Chand & Co. Ltd.
5. Practical Physics – C.L. Squires – (3rd Edition) Cambridge University Press
6. University Practical Physics – D.C. Tayal, Himalaya Publication
7. Advanced Practical Physics – Worsnop & Flint. 

Revised Syllabus in Physics (Theory & Practical)

Second Year B. Sc.

The revised syllabus in Physics for the S. Y. Sc.  Course will be implemented from the academic year 2009 – 2010.  The scheme of examination for the revised course in Physics at the second Year B. Sc.  Examination will be as follows.

Theory	Title	Examination	Maximum Marks	Maximum Marks after conversion
Paper-I	Mechanics, Theory of errors, Optics.	First Term	60	30
		Second	60	30
Paper-II	Electricity, Magnetism and Electronics	First Term	60	30
		Second Term	60	30
Paper-III	Thermodynamics, Introduction to Special Theory of Relativity, Wave Mechanics and Material Science	First Term	60	30
		Second Term	60	30
Practical Paper-I	Experiments from Group – A		30	30
Practical Paper-II	Experiments from Group – B		30	30
Practical Paper-III	Experiments from Group – C		30	30
Certified Journal	Regular + Skill + Demonstration Experiment		15	15
Practical	Viva – voce		15	15
Total Marks	Theory : Practical :			180 120
Total				300

The paper is divided into six units. Units – 1, 2, 3 of each paper are to be taught during first term and units – 4, 5, 6 to be taught during second term.

For practical examination, the candidates will be examined in three experiments (one from each group). Each experiment will be examined in three hours duration. In all minimum 8 experiments from each group, minimum 4 from demonstration experiments and all skill experiments are required to be completed compulsory. Students are required to report all these experiments in the journal.

* A candidate will be allowed to appear for the examination only if the candidate submits a certified journal of S.Y. B.Sc. Physics or a certificate from the head of the department / Institute to the effect that, the candidate has completed the practical course of S. Y. B.Sc. Physics, as per the minimum requirement.

S. Y. B. Sc.  Physics

Paper – I (Mechanics, Theory of errors and Optics)

Unit – I (15 Lectures)

Damped Vibrations: Decay of free vibrations of a simple harmonic oscillator due to damping force proportional to the first power of velocity, types of damping, Energy of a damped oscillator, logarithmic decrement, relaxation time and Quality factor.
HP: 9.3, 9.4.

Forced Vibration and Resonance: Forced damped harmonic oscillator, Special cases: low driving frequency, high driving frequency, Resonance. Quality factor of a driven oscillator.
HP: 9.6, 9.7.

Compound pendulum: Expression for period, Maximum and minimum time periods, Centers of suspension and oscillation, Reversible compound pendulum. Kater’s reversible pendulum. Advantages of a compound pendulum over a simple pendulum. 
HP: (pages 279 to 284)

Unit – II (15 Lectures)

Theory of errors: Significant Digits – Dropping of non-significant digits, rounding of numbers, Absolute and relative errors, relative errors and significant digits, Errors of computation, Accuracy of a function.

Elementary theory of errors: Introduction, Various kinds of errors, Different ways of measuring random errors, Uncertainty and Significant digits, Fractional uncertainty and significant digits, Significance of Uncertainty. 

The estimation of errors: The normal distribution, the average or mean value of measurements, Average errors, Standard errors, Probable errors, the practical determination of errors and Peter’s formula(without proof), Error in a single measurement, the error in the mean, Reliability of measurement.
JCP:  1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.7, 2.7(a), 2.9, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.6(a), 3.6(b), 3.10, 3.10(a), 3.11. 

Unit – III (15 Lectures)

Diffraction:

Fresnel’s Diffraction:  Introduction, Huygens – Fresnel’s theory, Fresnel’s assumptions, Distinction between Interference and Diffraction, Fresnel’s and Fraunhoffer types of diffraction, Diffraction due to a straight edge, Position of maximum and minimum intensity, Intensity at a point inside a geometrical shadow, Diffraction due to a narrow slit, Diffraction due to a narrow wire.

Fraunhoffer diffraction:  Introduction, Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit, Intensity distribution in diffraction pattern due to a single slit, Fraunhoffer diffraction at a double slit, Distinction between single slit and double slit diffraction patterns, Plane diffraction grating, Theory of plane transmission grating, Width of principal maxima, Prism and grating spectra.

SBA: 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.6, 17.7, 17.10, 17.10.1, 17.10.2, 17.11, 17.12, 18.1, 18.2, 18.2.1, 18.4, 18.4.2, 18.7, 18.7.1, 18.7.2, 18.7.8. [(i) to (v)]

Unit – IV  (15 Lectures)

Collisions: Introduction, types of collisions, Laboratory and centre of mass systems, Relationship between displacements and velocities, relationship between angles.
H.P: 7.1, 7.3, 7.3.1, 7.3.2

Bending of beams: Bending moment, Basic assumptions for theory of bending, Cantilever, Beam supported as its ends and loaded in the middle, I-section Girders, Determination of Y by bending. Determination of elastic constants by Searle’s method.
BS: 10.16, 10.17, 10.18, 10.19, 10.20, 10.22, 10.23, 10.26.

Unit – V (15 Lectures)

Polarization: Introduction, The wire grid polarizer and the Polaroid, Polarization by Reflection, Polarization by double Refraction, Malus’ law, Superposition of two disturbances, the mathematical Analysis, The phenomenon of double refraction. Quarter wave plates half wave plates.
AG: 19.1, 19.2.1, 19.2.2, 19.2.3, 19.3, 19.4, 19.4.1, 19.5, 19.6

Unit – VI (15 Lectures)

Michelson Interferometer:  Principle, Construction, Working, Circular Fringes, Localized Fringes, White light fringes, Visibility of fringes.
Application of Michelson Interferometer.

1. Measurement of Michelson Interferometer.
2. Determination of the difference in the wavelength of the two waves.
3. Thickness of a thin transparent sheet.
4. Standardization of the meter.

Fabry-Perot Interferometer and Etalon: Formation of fringes Determination of wavelength, Measurement of difference in wavelength.
SBA: 15.7, 15.7.1, to 15.7.7, 15.8, 15.8.1, 15.8.2, 15.8.3, 15.8.5, 15.12, 15.12.1, 15.12.1, 15.12.2, 15.12.3.

Resolving Power:Introduction, Rayleigh’s criterion, Resolving power of optical instruments, criterion for resolution according to Lord Rayleigh’s, Resolving power of a telescope, Resolving power of a prism, Resolving power of a plane transmission grating.
SBA: 19.1, 19.2, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, 19.11, 19.12.

Note: A good number of numerical examples are expected to be covered during the prescribed lectures.

References:

H. P.: Mechanics – H. S. Hans and S. P. Puri, Tata McGraw Hill (2nd ED.)

B. S.: Mechanics and Electrodynamics. – Brij Lal, N. Subramanyam, Jivan Seshan, S. Chand (Revised and Enlarged Edition 2005)

JCP.: The theory of errors in Physics Measurement J. C. Pal, New Central Book agency, Reprint 2008.

SBA.: A text book of optics – Subramanyam, Brij Lal, Avadhanulu – S. Chand & Co. Multicoloured Ed. 2007.

AG. : Optics – Ajoy Ghatak (3rd Ed) Mc. Graw Hill Co.

Additional References:

1. Fundamental of Vibrations and Waves S P Puri. (Tata Mc Graw Hill)
2. Mechanics – K R Symon : [Addition & Wesley (3rd Ed)]
3. Mechanics – D. S. Mathur   (S Chand & Co.)
4. Text book of Mechanics  :  Bhargava and Sharma.
5. Error of observation and their treatment – J topping (Institute of Physics Monographs for students Series.)
6. An introduction to error Analysis : John R Taylor, University Science Books : Mill Valey California
7. Optics – Eugene Hecht (4th Ed) Pearson Ed. Publishers.

S. Y. B. Sc. Physics

Paper– II (Electricity, Magnetism and Electronics)

Unit – I: (15 Lectures)

Charged particle dynamics
Kinetic Energy of a charged particle in an Electric field, motion of a charged particle in a constant Electric field, Charged particle in an alternating electric field, Force on a charge in a Magnetic field, Charged particle in a uniform and constant magnetic field. The cyclotron. Motion of a charged particle in combined electric and magnetic field:
Case 1: Parallel electric and magnetic field
Case 2: Crossed electric field and magnetic field
Velocity selector.
HP: 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.5.1, 13.6, 13.6.1

Unit – II 15 Lectures)

[Review of CE amplifiers, load line, operating point]
1. Transistor biasing,
 Inherent variations of transistor parameters, stabilization, Essentials of transistor biasing circuit, Stability factor, Methods of transistor biasing, Base resistor method, Biasing with feedback resistor (Collector to base bias), Voltage divider bias method, Mid-point biasing, Silicon versus Germanium.
MM: 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.12, 12.14            

2. General Amplifier Characteristics :
Concept of Amplification, Amplifier notations, Current gain, Voltage Gain, Power gain, Input resistance, Output resistance. Decibels and frequency Response: General theory of feedback, Reasons for negative Feedback, Loop Gain. Practical circuit of transistor amplifier, Phase reversal.
AM: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 17.0, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3.
 SC: 9.3, 9.4.
MM: 13.4, 13.5 

Unit – III (15 Lectures)

1. Number System:
Decimal, Binary, Hexadecimal number systems and their mutual conversions, Binary Arithmetic, Representation of Binary Numbers, Addition and Subtraction using 2’s compliment.

1. Implementation of Logic circuit from truth tables :Sum of products method, product of sums method
2. Flip Flop and Counters : R-S flip flop, clocked RS flip flop, D flip flop, Edge triggered D flip flop, Edge triggered J K flip flop, Master slave flip flop, T flip flop, D flip flop using J K flip flop, 4 bit binary ripple up counter, 4 bit binary ripple down counter.

SC:
1) 15.3, 15.3.1, 15.3.2, 15.3.4, 15.3.5, 15.3.6.
2) 15.7, 15.7.1, 15.7.2
3) 15.11, 15.11.1, 15.11.2, 15.11.3, 15.11.4, 15.11.5, 15.11.6, 15.11.7, 15.11.8, 15.12.2.
    
Unit – IV (15 Lectures)
Triple products, the ▼operator, the gradient, divergence and the curl, product rules. The fundamental theorem of gradient divergence and curl, Spherical polar co-ordinates, cylindrical co-ordinates, one dimensional and three dimensional Dirac-delta function.
DG: 1.1.3, 1.2.3, 1.2.2, 1.2.4, 1.2.5, 1.2.6, 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 1.3.5, 1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.5.2, 1.5.3.

Unit – V  (15 Lectures)

1. The work done in moving a charge, The Energy of a point charge distribution, the energy of continuous charge distribution, comment on electrostatic energy.
2. The Biot-Savart law, Application of Biot-Savart Law: Magnetic field due to a current carrying straight wire, circular loop, Helmholtz coils and solenoid.
   DG: 1) 2.4.1, 2.4.2, 2.4.3, 2.4.4.
   CR:  2) 8.7, 8.8.

Unit – VI (15 Lectures)

1. Oscillators: Introduction, Effect of Positive feedback, Requirements for oscillations, Phase shift oscillator, Wien Bridge oscillator, Colpitt’s oscillator.
   AM: 18.0, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.5, 18.6
2. Operational Amplifiers:Symbol, Ideal Op- Amp, Op-Amp IC Architecture, Inverting Amplifier, Non-inverting Amplifier, Frequency Response and slew rate, Op-Amp Applications: Summing Amplifier, Difference amplifier, Integrator, Differentiator, and Emitter coupled Differential amplifier.
   SC: 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.8.2, 11.8.3, 11.9, 11.9.1, 11.9.2, 11.9.3, 11.9.4.
   M: 17.1 (for Differential Amplifier)

Note: A good number of numerical examples are expected to be covered during the prescribed lectures.

References:

 1. HP : Mechanics-HS. Hans and S. P. Puri
Tata Mc. GrawHill (2nd Ed.)

2. MM  Principles of Electronics – V. K. Mehta & Rohit Mehta.
(S. Chand – Multicoloured illustrative edition)

3. AM : Electronic devices and circuits – An introduction Allan
Mottershead (PHI pvt. Ltd. – EEE – Reprint - 2007)

4. SC : A textbook of electronics – Santanu Chattopadhyay
New Central Book Agency. 2006 Ed.

5. M : Electronics principles – A. P. Malvino – TMH (6th Ed.)

6. DG : Introduction to Electrodynamics – David J. Griffiths
Prentice Hall India (EEE) 3rd Ed.

7. CR       : Electricity and Magnetism – D. Chattopadhyay and
P. C. Rakshit Books and Allied (P) Ltd.
Reprint 2000(4th Ed)

Additional References :

Unit – I     : Mechanics and Electrodynamics V Brij Lal, Subrahmanyam, Jivan Seshan, (S. Chand)
(Revised & Enlarged ED. 2005)

Unit – II    : Electronics Fundamentals and applications (8th Ed.) D. Chattopadhyay & P. C. Rakshit (New Age International)             

Unit – III   : Digital Principles and applications Malvino and Leach

Unit – IV   : Introduction to Electrodynamics A. Z. Capri and P. V. Panat (Narosa Pub. House)

Unit – V   : Electronics Devices and Circuit theory Robert Boylestand & Louis Nashelsky(PHI)

S. Y. B. Sc Physics

Paper – III (Thermodynamics, Introduction to the theory of Relativity, Wave Mechanics and Material Science)

Unit – I

1. Reversible and irreversible process, Heat Engines, Definition oEfficiency, Carnot’s Ideal Heat Engine, Carnot’s cycle, effective way to increase Efficiency, Carnot’s Engines and refrigerator, Coefficient of performance. Second law of Thermodynamics, Carnot’s theorem. Clapeyron’s Latent Heat equation using Carnot’s cycle and its applications.
2. Steam Engine, Otto Engine, Petrol Engine, Diesel Engine
   BS: 1) 4.20, 4.21, 4.22, 4.23, 4.24, 4.25, 4.26, 4.27, 4.28, 4.29, 6.11.       
   2) 4.30, 4.31, 4.32, 4.33.   

Unit – II (15 Lectures)
Experimental background of special Relativity, Galilean transformation, Newtonian Relativity, Electromagnetism and Newtonian Relativity, Attempts to locate absolute frame: Michelson – Morley Experiment, Attempts to preserve the concept of a preferred ether frame: Lorentz Fitzgerald contraction and ether drag hypothesis. Attempt to modify electrodynamics, Postulates of the special theory of relativity.
RR: 1.1 to 1.9

Unit – III (15 Lectures)
Quantum Mechanics, Wave equation, Schrödinger equation-time dependent form, Linearity and superposition, Expectation values, operators, Schrödinger equation-steady state form.
Worked out examples and problems.

Unit – IV                                                                     (15 Lectures)
Concept of entropy, Change in entropy, Change in entropy in Adiabatic process, Change in entropy in Reversible cycle, Principle of increase of entropy, Change in entropy in Irreversible process, T-S diagram, Physical Significance of entropy, Entropy of a prefect gas, Kelvin’s thermodynamics Scale of temperature, (Omit alternative method using Carnot cycle), the size of a degree, Zero of Absolute scale, identity of perfect gas scale and Absolute scale. Third law of thermodynamics, zero point energy, negative temperatures (Not possible), Heat Death of the Universe.

BS: 5.1 to 5.9, 5.11 to 5.18. 

Unit – V  (15 Lectures)

Material Science:
1. Classification and selection of Materials: Classification of material,   organic, Inorganic and Biological Materials Semiconductor materials, current trends and advances in materials. Material structure and examination, Selection of materials.

1. Crystal Geometry and structure: Crystal, Single crystal, Whiskers, Lattice point and space lattice. Unit cell, primitive cell, Atomic radius, Density of Crystal, Direction lattice planes, Miller indices, Interplaner spacing, Crystal planes in cubic unit cell, Common planes in simple cubic structure, Co-ordination number, Crystal growth.

1. KK: Chapter 1 (3 to 9, 11)
1. KK: Chapter 3 (1 to 18, 33)

Unit – VI  (15 Lectures)

Free states: The free particle, potential step, the rectangular potential barrier- The tunnel effect, Emission of α particle for a radioactive element, square well potential, free states.
Bound States: Particle in one dimensional box, Particle in a rectangular three dimensional box.
Worked out examples and problems.

SPS: 5.1 to 5.6, 6.1 to 6.3.

Note: A good number of numerical examples are expected to be covered during the prescribed lectures.

References:

1. BS : Heat, Thermodynamics and statistical Physics Brij Lal, Subrahmanyam, Hemne (S. Chand) (Revised Multicoloured Ed. 2007)
2. RR : Introduction to Special Theory of Relativity Robert Resnick (Wiley Eastern Ltd)
3. KK : Material Science-S. K. Kakani and Amit Kakani New age International (P) Ltd. – Reprint 2004.
4. SPS : Quantum Mechanics-S P Singh, M K Bagade, Kamal Singh, S. Chand: 2004 Ed.
5. AB : Concepts of Modern Physics – A. Beiser (6th Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill.

Additional References :

Unit – I and IV:

1. Basic Thermodynamics   - Evelyn Guha (Narosa Publishcations)
1. Thermal Physics  - Philip M. Morse (W. A. Benjamin Inc, New Yark)
3.  Heat & Thermodynamics   - Robert and Miller (E LBS)
4.  A treatise of Heat   - Saha and Srivastava.

Unit – II

Special theory of Relativity – A P French – Thomas Nelson and Sons.

Unit – III and VI

1. Perspectives of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Mc Graw Hill International  Edition)
1. Introduction to quantum Mechanics – P T Mathews
1. Concepts of Modern Mechanics – A Beiser (6th Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill              
1. Modern Physics: Hans, C. Chanian – Prentice –Hall of India

Unit – VI
1. Solid State Physics -Ajay Kumar Saxena. Macmillian India Ltd. (2006 Ed.)
2. Material Science   - R. S. Sedha (S. Chand & Co. Ltd.)5th Rev. & Enlarge 2007.

1. Material Science and Metallurgy – O P Khanna Dhanpat Rai Publication (XI Reprint)
1. Modern Physics:  Hans. C. Chanian – Prentice – Hall of India.
1. Atomic Physics: D S Murty, V. Laxminarayana, Bangar Raju. Tata Mc.Graw Hill Publication co. Ltd.

Revised Syllabus in S.Y. B. Sc. Physics Praticals

Group- A

1. Surface Tension by Jaeger’s Method.
2. Bar Pendulum : Determination of g.
3. Resonance pendulum.
4. Y by bending.
5. Searle’s experiment : Determination Of η, Y, σ.
6. Logarithmic decrement.
7. Optical lever : Determination of μ.
8. Determination of Cauchy’s constants.
9. Cylindrical obstacle : Determination of λ.
10. Fresnel’s biprism : Determination of λ.
11. Resolving power of telescope.
12. Brewster’s Law : Determination of μ.

Group – B

1. CE Amplifier : Determination of Bandwidth.
2. CE Amplifier : Variation of gain with load.
3. Op-amp : Inverting Amplifier.
4. Op-amp : Non-inverting amplifier and voltage follower.
5. Op-amp : Difference Amplifier.
6. Op-amp : Integrator
7. Op-amp : Differentiator
8. Wein bridge oscillator (transistorized).
9. Colpitt’s oscillator.
10. Bridge rectifier : Ripple, load regulation (with and without C filter)
11. Half adder and full adder (7486, 7408)
12. Study of MS – JK flip flop and divide by 2 counter.

Group – C

1. Figure of merit of a Mirror Galvanometer.
2. High Resistance by Mirror Galvanometer
3. Determination of Absolute Capacitance using BG.
4. Passive low pass filter.
5. Passive High filter.
6. Passive Band filter.
7. Verification of Stefan’s Law (Electrical method)
8. C1/C2 by de-Sauty’s method.
9. Series Capacitance Bridge.
10. LCR parallel resonance.
11. LCR transients.
12. Verification of Maximum Power Transfer theorem.

Skill Experiment

1. Wiring of a simple circuit using bread board.
2. Use of Oscilloscope.
3. Traveling microscope (Radius of a capillary bore).
4. Spectrometer     : Mean μ of yellow doublet of mercury source.
5. Component Testing, Colour code of resistor, Capacitors.
6. Drawing graph on semi logarithm/logarithmic scale.

Demonstration Experiment    :

1. Laser Experiment : Straight edge, Single slit, Ruler grating.
2. Optical Fiber : Transmission of signal.
3. Concept of beats.
4. Coupled oscillations and Resonance.
5. Error analysis of a given experiment.
6. Wave form generator using Op-amp.
7. PC simulations : Graph, curve fitting etc.
8. Straight edge Fresnel diffraction.
9. Double refraction.
10. First order Active filter.

References

1. Advanced course in Practical Physics D. Chattopadhya, PC.
2. B.Sc Practical Physics – Harnam Singh S.Chand & Co.Ltd. – 2001.
3. A text book of advanced Physics Practical Physics-Samir Kumar Ghosh, New Central Book Agency – (3rd edition)
4. B.Sc. Practical Physics – CL Arora (1st Edition) – 2001
S. Chand & Co. Ltd.
5. Practical Physics – CL Squires – (3rd edition)
Cambridge University press.
6. University Practical Physics – D C Tayal. Himalaya Publication.
7. Advanced Practical Physics – Worsnop & Flint.

 

Revised Syllabus in Physics

(Theory and Practical) T. Y. B. Sc. (With effect from 2010—2011)

1. The revised syllabus in the subject of Physics at the T. Y. B. S & Physics (Single / Twin Major Subject) examination will be implemented from the academic year 2010—2011.

2. The scheme of examination for the revised course in Physics at the third year B.Sc. examination will be as follows:

Paper	Topic	Marks
I	Mathematical and Statistical Physics, Classical Mechanics and Chaos.	100
II	Solid State Physics and Electronics	100
III	Atomic and Molecular Physics, Nuclear Physics.	100
IV	Special theory of relativity and Cosmology, Electrodynamics.	100
Practicals
I	Group — I Experiment	40
II	Group — II Experiment	40
III	Group — III Experiment	40
IV	Short Experiments (3 skills)	40
	Certified Journal : Regular Experiments + Demonstration Experiments + Skills	20
	VIVA - VOCE	20
	Total Marks :Theory	400
	:Practical	200
	Aggregate marks in the subject of Physics	60

1. For 6 unit stream (Single Major) all four theory papers are compulsory.
For 3 unit stream (Twin Major) Paper I and Paper II are compulsory.

2.  Each theory paper shall be of THREE hour duration.
Each paper shall consist of FIVE questions. All questions are compulsory and will have internal option.
Q- I is from Unit -1,
Q-II is from Unit -2,
Q-III is from Unit -3,
Q-IV is from Unit -4,
Q-V will consist of questions from all the FOUR units with equal weightage of marks allotted to each unit.

3.   FOUR periods per week per theory paper is allocated in the work load.

4.   A candidate will be allowed to appear for the practical examination only if the candidate submits a certified journal of TYBSc Physics or a certificate from the Head of the Department to the effect that the candidate has completed the practical course of TYBSc Physics as per the minimum requirements

5. The details of the scheme of Practical Examination for both 6-Unit and 3-Unit Streams is given along with the syllabus for practicals.

Revised Syllabus for T Y B Sc (Physics) (with effect from 2010—2011)

Paper - I Mathematical and Statistical Physics, Classical Mechanics.

Unit - 1: (Mathematical Physics)

1. Differential equations:
Introduction, Ordinary differential equations, First order homogeneous and nonhomogeneous equations with variable coefficients, Second-order homogeneous equations with constant coefficients, Second order nonhomogeneous equations with constant coefficients.

2. Partial differential equations:
Introduction, Some important partial differential equations in Physics, An illustration of the method of direct integration, Method of separation of variables.

3. Fourier series:
Introduction, Fourier cosine and sine series, Change of interval, Fourier Integral, Complex form of the Fourier series, Generalised Fourier series and the Dirac delta function.

4. Fourier transforms:
Introduction, Formal development of the complex Fourier transform, Cosine and Sine transforms, The transforms of derivatives(without proof), The Convolution theorem (without proof), Parseval’s relation.

References
1. CH: 5.1, 5.2.1 (omit D), 5.2.3, 5.2.4
2. CH: 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4.
3. CH: 7.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.2.
4. CH: 8.1, 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.2.4, 8.2.5, 8.2.6.

References:
CH: Introduction to Mathematical Physics: Charlie Harper 2009 (EEE)
PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Additional References:
1. Mathematical Physics:   A K Ghatak, Chua — 1995 Macmillian India Ltd.
2. Mathematical Method of Physics:   Riley, Hobson and Bence. Cambridge (Indian edition).
3. Mathematical Physics:     H. K. Dass,     S. Chand & Co.
4. Mathematical Methods of Physics: Jon Mathews & R. L. Walker, WA Benjamin Inc.

Unit -2 (Statistical Physics)
 
1. Description of a system
Why statistical approach, Particle-states, System-states, Microstates and Macrostates of a system, Equilibrium and Fluctuations, Irreversibility, The equiprobability postulate, Statistical ensemble, Number of states accessible to
a system, Phase space, Reversible processes.

2. Thermal and Adiabatic Interactions
Thermal interaction, Canonical distribution, Energy fluctuations, Entropy of a system in a heat bath, Helmholtz free energy, Adiabatic interaction and
enthalpy, General interaction and the first law of thermodynamics, Infinitesimal general interaction, Gibbs free energy, Phase transitions.

3. Statistical Mechanics:
Phase space, The probability of a distribution, The most probable distribution Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, Molecular speeds.

4. Quantum Statistics:
Bose-Einstein statistics, Black-body radiation, The Rayleigh-Jeans formula The Planck radiation formula, Fermi-Dirac statistics, Comparison of results Transition between states.

References:
1. LG: 1.l to l.11
2. LG: 2.1, 2.3 to 2.11
3. AB: 15.1 to 15.5
4. AB: 16.1 to 16.7

1. LG.: Statistical and Thermal Physics-   S. Lokanathan and R. S. Gambhir. an introduction   (Prentice Hall of India : 2008)
2. AB.: Perspectives of Modern Physics: Arthur Beiser. (Mc Graw Hill International)

Additional References

1. A treaties on heat:  Saha and Srivastava. (Indian press, Allahabad)
2. Fundamentals of Statistical:   F. Reif. and Thermal Physics (Mc Graw  Hill)

(Classical Mechanics)

Unit - 3:

1. Motion under a central force, The central force inversely proportional to the square of the distance, Elliptical orbits. The Kepler problem. Hyperbolic Orbits: The Rutherford problem — scattering cross section

2. Moving origin of co-ordinates, Rotating co-ordinate systems. Laws of motion on the rotating earth, Foucault pendulum, Larmor’s theorem (without proof).

3. Kinematics of moving fluids, Equation of motion for an ideal fluid, Conservation laws for fluid motion, Steady flow.

Unit 4

1. Lagrange’s equations: Generalized coordinates, Lagrange’s equations, Examples, Systems subject to constraints, Examples of systems subject to Constraints, Constants of motion and ignorable coordinates.

2. The rotation of a Rigid body: Motion of a rigid body in space. Euler’s equations of motion for a rigid body, Euler’s angles, Heavy symmetrical top (without nutation).

3. Non linear mechanics: Qualitative approach to chaos, The anharmonic oscillator, Numerical solution of Duffing’s equation, Transition to chaos. Bifurcations and strange attractors, Aspects of chaotic behavior.

 References:

Unit 3

1. KRS: Art. 3.13 to 3.16
2. KRS Art. 7.1 to7.5
3. KRS: Art. 8.6 to 8.9

Unit 4

1. KRS: Art. 9.1 to9.6
2. KRS: Art.11.1, 11.2, 11.4, 11.5, BO:6.7
3. B0 Art. 11.1, 11.3 to 11.5

References:

KRS: Mechanics:Keith R. Symon.
(Addision Wesely) 3rd Ed. B0: Classical Mechanics- : V. D. Barger and M. G. Olsson. a Modern perspective (Mc Graw Hill International 1995 Ed.)

Additional References
1. Classical Mechanics:   Herbert Goldstein (Narosa 2nd Ed.)
2. An Introduction to Mechanics: Daniel Kleppner & Robert Kolenkow Tata Mc Graw Hill (Indian Ed. 2007)
3. Chaotic Dynamics- Baker and Gollup. an introduction.

Paper —II Solid State Physics and Electronics(Solid State Physics)

Unit — 1:

1. Electrical properties of metals:
Classical free electron theory of metals, Drawbacks of classical theory, Relaxation time, Collision time and mean free path, Quantum theory of free electrons, Fermi-Dirac statistics and electronic distribution in solids, Density of energy states and Fermi energy, The Fermi distribution function, Heat capacity of the electron gas, Mean energy of electron gas at 0 K, Effect of temperature on Fermi distribution function, Electrical conductivity from quantum mechanical considerations, Thermionic emission.

2. Superconductivity:
A survey, Mechanism of Superconductors, Effects of magnetic field, The Meissner effect, The penetration depth, Type I and Type II Superconductors.

3. Band theory of solids,
The Kronig- Penney model (Omit eq. 6.184 to 6.188), Brillouin zones, Number of wave functions in a band, Motion of electrons in a one-dimensional periodic potential, Distinction between metals, insulators and intrinsic semiconductors.

Unit - 2

1. Magnetic properties of Matter:
Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism, The origin of permanent magnetic dipoles, Diamagnetism and Larmor precession, The static paramagnetic susceptibility. Ferromagnetism- the Weiss molecular field, Comparison of the Weiss theory with experiment, Qualitative remarks about domains, Qualitative idea about antiferromagnetism and ferrites.

2. Conduction in Semiconductors.
Electrons and Holes in an Intrinsic Semiconductor, Conductivity, Carrier
Concentrations, Donor and Acceptor impurities, Charge densities in a
Semiconductor, Fermi level in extrinsic semiconductors, Diffusion,
Carrier lifetime, The continuity equation, The Hall Effect.

3. Semiconductor-diode Characteristics:                                                                                     
Qualitative theory of the p-n junction, The p-n junction as a diode, Band structure of an open-circuit p-n junction, The current components in a p-n junction diode, Quantitative theory of p-n diode currents, The Volt-Ampere characteristics, The temperature dependence of p-n characteristics, Diode resistance.

References: -

Unit -1
1. SOP: Ch.6Art: I to V, XIV to XX, XXXI.
2. SOP: Ch. S Art: II, III, IV, VII, XII and XIII.
3. SOP :Ch.6Art: XXXVI to XXXXI.

Unit -2.
1. D: Art 18.1 to 18.4, 19.1 to 19.3, 19.5, 19.9, 19.12.
2. MH: Art4.i to 4.10
3 MH: Art 5.1 to 5.8

References
1. SOP: Solid State Physics:  S. 0. Pillai New Age International
2. SOP: Modern Physics and Solid State Physics:  Problems and solutions New Age International.
3 D: Solid State Physics:   A. J. Dekker Macmillan India Ltd.
4. MH: Electronic Devices and Circuits: Millman, Halkias & Satyabrata Jit.(2 Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill.

Additional References:

1. Solid State Physics: S. P. Kakani and Amit Kakan. New Age International.
2. Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Donald Neamen (3rd Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Introduction to Solid State Physics:  Ali Omer. Addison Wesley Longman.

(Electronics) 

Unit 3:

 1. Field effect transistors:
JFET : Basic ideas, Drain curve, The transconductance curve, Biasing in ohmic region and the active region, Transconductance, JFET common source amplifier, JFET analog switch multiplexer, voltage controlled resistor, Current sourcing. MOSFET: Depletion and enhancement mode, MOSFET operation and characteristics, digital switching.

2. Thyristors:
SCR  : Working, equivalent circuit, important terms ,I-V Characteristics, SCR as a switch, Half wave rectifier and Full wave rectifier
TRIAC : Construction, Operation, I-V Characteristics, Application.
DIAC: Construction, Operation, Characteristics, Application.

3. Optoelectronic Devices:
Photo-diode, Phototransistor, Optocoupler.

4. Differential Amplifier using transistor:
The Differential Amplifier, DC and AC analysis of a differential amplifier, Input characteristic-effect of input bias, Offset current and input offset voltage on output, common mode gain, CMRR.

5. Transistor Multivibrators:
Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrators, Schmitt trigger.

Unit —4

1. Op Amp Applications:
Log amplifier, Instrumentation amplifiers, Voltage-controlled current sources (grounded load), First order Active filters, astable using OP AMP, square wave and triangular wave generator using OP AMP, Wein-bridge oscillator using OP AMP.

2. 555 Timer:
Block diagram, Monostable and Astable operation (with VCO), Triggered linear ramp generator.

3. Logic families:
Standard TTL NAND, TTL NOR, Open collector gates, Three state TTL devices, MOS inverters, CMOS NAND and NOR gates, CMOS characteristics.

4. Application of JK flip flops:
Types of registers, 4-bit shift register (serial in-serial out), Asynchronous counters, 4-bit up-down counter, MOD-3, MOD-5, Decade counter, Shift counter.

5, Regulated DC power supply:
Supply characteristics, series voltage regulator, short circuit protection
(current limit and fold back) Monolithic linear IC voltage regulators
(LM 7SXX, LM 79XX, LM 317).

6. Electronic communication techniques:
Radio broadcasting, Transmission and reception, Modulation, Amplitude
modulation, Modulation factor, Analysis of amplitude modulated wave, Side band frequencies in AM wave, Transistor amplitude modulator, Power in AM wave, Limitations of AM, Frequency modulation. (qualitative)

References:

Unit -3
1. MB : Art. 13.1 to 13.9, 14,1, 14.2, 14.4, 14.6.
2. VKM :Art.20.1 to 2O.1O, 21.1 to 2l.6. 21.8, 21.9, 21.10.
3. VKM : Art 7.7 to 7.11. MB : 7.10.
4  MB : Art 17.1 to 17.5.
5. KVR : Art. 14.5.2.1, 14.5 .2 .5, 14.5.2.6, 14.5.4.1.

Unit -4:
1. MB : Art. 20.5, 20.8, 21.4, 22.7, 22.8, 23.2.  MH :16.14.
2. MB : Art. 23.7 to 23.9.
3. ML : Art. 6.2, 6.4, 6.6, 6.7, 7.2 to 7.4.
4. ML :Art 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.3 to 11.5, 11.7.
5. MB : Art 24.1, 24.3, 24.4.
6.”’KM :Art.16.l to l6.11.

References:

1. MB : Electronic Principles .  A P. Malvino and D.J. Bates (7 Ed,) — (TMH).
2. VKM : Principles of Electronics : V. K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta.
S. Chand Pub!ications. (11th Ed.).
3. KVR : Functional Electronics : K .V. Ramanan (TMH).
4. ML : Digital Principles and Applications : Malvino and Leach (4th Ed) (TM H).
5. MH : Integrated Electronics : Millman and Halkias Mc Graw Hill International.

Additional References:

1. Electronic Devices and Circuits : S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj. 2ND Ed   (Tata McGraw Hill)
2. Pulse, Digital & Switching : Millman & Taub. Waveforms. (TMH)

 Paper III Atomic and Molecular Physics , Nuclear Physics

Atomic and Molecular Physics

Unit - I

1.
(i) Schrodingers equation for harmonic oscillator, its solution by operator method
(ii) Graphical representation of its energy level and wave functions.

2. Hydrogen atom
Schrodinger’s  equation for Hydrogen atom, Separation of variables.
Quantum Numbers : Total quantum number, Orbital quantum number Magnetic quantum number. Angular momentum, Electron probability density (Radial part).

3. Electron Spin
The Stern-Gerlach experiment,  Pauli Exclusion principle-Symmetric,and Antisymmetric wave functions.

4.
(i) Spin orbit coupling, Hund’s Rule, Total angular momentum. Vector atom model, L-S  and j-j coupling.
(ii) Origin of spectral lines, Selection rules.

Unit —2

1. Effect of Magnetic field on atoms, The normal Zeeman effect and its explanation (Classical and Quantum), The Lande- g factor, Anomalous Zeeman effect.

2. Paschen-Back effect, Paschen-Back effect of principal series doublet, Selection rules for Paschen-Back effect.

3. Molecular Spectra (Diatomic Molecules)
Rotational energy levels, Rotational spectra, Vibrational energy levels. Vibrational-Rotational spectra.
Electronic Spectra of Diatomic molecules : The Born-Oppenheimer approximation, Intensity of vibrational-electronic spectra : The Franck-Gordon principle.

4. Raman Effect:
Quantum Theory of Raman effect, Classical theory of Raman effect, Pure Rotational Raman spectra : Linear molecules, symmetric top molecules. Asymmetric top molecules, Vibrational Raman spectra : Raman activity of vibrations.

References

Unit —1

1.(i)M: 5.2 (H)B : 8.7
2. B: 9.lto9.9.
3. B: 10.1, 10.3.
4. (i) B: 10.2, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9. (ii) B 11.1 and 11.2.

Unit — 2.

1. SA :9.14, 9.15, 9.16, 9.17.
2. W :10.7, 10.8, 10.9
3. B :14.1, 14.3, 14.5, 14.7 SM :6.11,6 1.3.
4. SM :4.1.1+ 4.1.2, 4.2,1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.3.1.

References

1. B : Perspectives of Modern Physics : Arthur Beiser McGraw Hill.
2. SA: Introduction to Atomic & Nuclear Physics : H. Semat & i. R. AIb’. -: (5th Ed.) Chapman & Hall.
3. W : Introduction to Atomic Spectra : H. E. White. McGraw Hill.
4. SM : Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy : C. N. Banwell & E. M. McCash (TMH). (4th Ed.)
5. M : Introduction to Quantum Mechanics : P. T. Mathews (TMH).

Nuclear Physics

Unit —3

Review: Nuclear composition, Some nuclear properties, Stable nuclei Binding energy, Meason theory of nuclear forces.

Rutherford scattering & measurement of nuclear size, Measurement of nuclear radius(Hofstadter experiment).

2. Alpha decay:
Range of alpha particles, Disintegration energy, Alpha decay paradox: Barrier penetration( Gamow’s theory of alpha decay and Geiger-Nuttal law), Velocity and energy, Absorption of alpha particles: Range, Ionization and stopping power, Nuclear energy levels.

3. Beta decay:
Introduction, Continuous beta ray spectrum-Difficulties encountered to understand it, Pauli’s neutrino hypothesis, Detection of neutrino, Velocity and energy of beta particles, Energy levels and decay schemes, Energetics of beta decay.

4. Gamma decay:
Introduction, Internal conversion, Nuclear isomerism, Mossbauer effect.

Unit —4

1. Nuclear radiation detectors:
Proportional counter, Scintillation counter, Cloud and Bubble chamber,
Ionization chamber, Proportional and GM counter.

2. Nuclear models:
Liquid drop model, Weizsacher’s semi-empirical mass formula, Mass parabolas - Prediction of stability against beta decay for members of an isobaric family, Stability limits against spontaneous fission.

3. Nuclear energy:
Introduction, Asymmetric fission - Mass yield, Emission of delayed neutrons, Nuclear release in fission, Nature of fission fragments, Energy released in the fission of U235, Fission of lighter nuclei, Fission chain reaction, Neutron cycle in a thermal nuclear reactor (Four Factor Formula), Nuclear reactors, Natural fusion, Possibility of controlled fusion.

4. Elementary particles:
Introduction, Classification of elementary particles, Electrons and positrons. Protons and anti-protons, Neutrons and anti- neutrons, Neutrinos and anti- neutrinos, Photons, Mesons.

References:

Unit —3:

1. AB: 11.l to l l.4, 11.7      P: 5.2    K: 8.5, 9.5     P : 4.I.2, 4.I.3.
2. P : 4. II. 1, 4. II. 2, 4. II. 3, 1.11.3   K: 13. 1, 13.2, 13.5.
3. P :4. III.1, 4. III.2, 4. III. 3, 4. III.5   K 14.1, 14.7         G: 5.5.
4. P :4.IV.1, 4.IV.3, 4.IV.4, 9.4.

Unit —4:

1.P:1.I.3        K :2.8.
2. P: 5.1, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5.
3. P :6.1, 6.3 to 6.9, 9.6, 9.7.
4. T: 16.1, 16.2, 16.5 to 16.9.

References.

1. AB: Concepts of Modern Physics :     Arthur Beiser (6th Ed.) (TMH).
2. P : Nuclear Physics      : S.B. Patel (Wiley Eastern Ltd.).
3. K: Nuclear Physics     :  Irving Kaplan (2ND  Ed.)  (Addison Wesley).
4. G : Nuclear Physics    :  S. N. Ghoshal (S. Chand & Co.)
5. T : Nuclear Physics     :   D. C. Tayal (Himalayan Publishing House)

Additional References.

1. Modern Physics     :    Kenneth Krane (2 Ed.) John Wiley & Sons.
2. Atomic & Nuclear Physics  :  N Subrahmanyam, Brij Cal. (Revised by Jivan Seshan,) S. Chand.
3. Atomic & Nuclear Physics   : A B Gupta & Dipak Ghosh Books & Allied (P)  Ltd.

Paper-IV Special Theory of Relativity and Cosmology, Electrodynamics.
(Special theory of Relativity and Cosmology)

Unit — 1:
 
1.Relativistic Kinematics:
The postulates of the special theory of relativity, Simultaneity, Derivation of Lorentz transformation equations, Some consequences of the Lorentz transformation equations: length contraction, time dilation and meson experiment, The observer in relativity, The relativistic addition of velocities and acceleration transformation equations, Aberration and Doppler effect in relativity, The common sense of special relativity.

2. Relativistic Dynamics:
Mechanics and Relativity, The need to redefine momentum, Relativistic momentum, Alternative views of mass in relativity, The relativistic force law and the dynamics of a single particle, The equivalence of mass and energy, The transformation properties of momentum, energy and mass.

3. The Geometric Representation of Space-Time:
Space-Time Diagrams, Simultaneity, Length contraction and Time dilation, The time order and space separation of events, The twin paradox, The principle of equivalence and general relativity, Gravitational red shift.

Unit —2

1. Relativity and Electromagnetism:
Introduction, The interdependence of Electric and Magnetic fields, The Transformation for E and B, The field of a uniformly moving point charge, Force and fields near a current-carrying wire, Force between moving charges, The invariance of Maxwell’s equations.

2. Cosmology:
The large scale structure of the Universe
Types of galaxies, radio sources, Quasars, Doppler shift and expansion of the
Universe, Hubble’s law, Radiation background.

3. From Relativity to Cosmology:
Newtonian Cosmology, Weyl’s postulates, Cosmological principle, Red shift.

4. Relics of the Big Bang:
Radiation dominated Universe, Matter versus radiation, Synthesis of light nuclei, Microwave background.

References

Unit —1:

1. RR : Chapter—I
2. RR Chapter-- II.
3. RR : Suppernentary topics A, B and C.

Unit —2

1. RR : Chapter — IV. Relevant sections from the following:
2. JVNI Chapter—1, JVNE : Chapter—1.
3. JVNI Chapter —3, (Omit 3.3, 3.4)   JVNE : Chapter —2.
4. JVNI : Chapter —5, JVNE Chapter —3.

References

1. RR : Introduction to Special Relativity : Robert Resnick (Wiley Student Edition) Reprint 2007, New Delhi.
2. JVNI : Introduction to Cosmology : J. V. Narlikar. 3rd.Ed 2002 (Cambridge University Press).
3. JVNE Elements of Cosmology IV. Narlikar, 1996 (University Press).

Additional References:

1. Special theory of Relativity : A. P. French.
2. General Relativity & Cosmology : S. K. Srivastava (Prentice Hall of India).

 (Electrodynamics)

Unit —3:

1. Field lines, Flux and Gauss’ law, The divergence of E, Applications of Gauss’ law, The curl of E. Introduction to potential, Comments on potential, Poisson’s equation and Laplace’s equation, The potential of a localized charge distribution.

2. Laplace’s equation in one, two and three dimensions, Boundary conditions and Uniqueness theorems (without proof), conductors. The classic image problem, Induced surface charge, force and energy.

3. Dielectrics, Induced Dipoles, Alignment of polar molecules, Polarization, Bound charges and their physical interpretation, Gauss’ law in presence of dielectrics, A deceptive parallel, Susceptibility, Permittivity, Dielectric constant, Energy in dielectric systems.

4. Straight-line currents, The Divergence and Curl of B, Applications of Ampere’s Law in the case of a long straight wire and a long solenoid, Comparison of Magnetostatics and Electrostatics.

5. Diamagnets, Paramagnets and Ferromagnets, Magnetization, Bound currents and their physical interpretation, Ampere’s law in magnetized materials, A deceptive parallel, Magnetic susceptibility and permeability.

Unit —4

1. Energy in magnetic fields, Electrodynamics before Maxwell, Maxwell’s correction to Ampere’s law, Maxwell’s equations, Magnetic charge, Maxwell’s equations in matter, Boundary conditions.

2. The continuity equation, Poynting’s theorem, Newton’s third law in electrodynamics.

3. The wave equation for E and B, Monochromatic Plane waves, Energy and momentum in electromagnetic waves, Propagation in linear media, Reflection and transmission of em waves at normal and oblique incidence.

4. Electromagnetic waves in conductors. Reflection at a conducting surface. The frequency dependence of permittivity.

References:

Unit —3

1. DG :2.2.1 to 2.2.4, 2.3.1 to 2.3.4.
2. DG :3.1.1 to 3.1.6, 3.2.1 to 3.2.3.
3. DG :4.1.1 to4.1.4, 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.4.1, 4.4.3.
4. DC : 5.3.1 to 5.3.4.
5. DG:6.1.1,6.1.4,6.2.1,6.2.2,6.3.1,6.3.2,6.4.1.

Unit — 4

1. DG : 7.2.4, 7.3.1 to 7.3.6.
2. DG:8.1.1,8.1.2.,8.2.1.
3. DG : 9.2.1 to 9.2.3, 9.3.1 to 9.3.3.
4. DG : 9.4.1 to 9.4.3.

References:

DG : Introduction to Electrodynamics : David J. Griffiths (3rd Ed) Prentice Hall of India.

Additional References

1. Introduction to Electrodynamics : A. Z. Capria and P. V. Panat . Narosa Publishing House.
2. Engineering Electrodynamics : William Hayt Jr. & John H. Buck (TMH).
3. Electricity and Magnetism: Navina Wadhwani (PHI —2010).

 REVISED SYLLABUS IN T. Y. B. Sc. PHYSICS PRACTICALS(with effect from 2010 —2011)

The T. Y. B. Sc. Syllabus integrates the regular practical work with a series of demonstration and skill experiments.

i) Regular Physics Experiments: A minimum of 8 experiments from each of the groups I, II, and Ill are to be performed and
Reported in the journal.

ii) Skill Experiments: All the skills are compulsory and must be reported in the journal. Skills will be tested during the examination as 3 short experiments each for duration of 45 minutes.

iii) Demonstration Experiments: The demonstration experiments are to be performed by the teacher in the laboratory and students should be encouraged to participate and take observation wherever possible. Demonstration experiments are designed to bring about interest and excitement in Physics. Students are required to enter details of these ‘demo’ experiments in their journal.

The certified journal must contain a minimum of 24 regular experiments (8 from each group), 6 Demonstration experiments along with all Skills.

There will be four turns of four periods each per batch for practicals in one week.

During the teaching and examination of Physics laboratory work, simple modifications of experimental parameters may be attempted. Attention should be given to basic skills of experimentation which include

i) Understanding relevant concepts.
ii) Planning of the experiments.
iii) Layout and adjustments of the equipments.
iv) Recording of observations and plotting of graphs.
v) Calculation of results and estimation of possible errors in the observed of results.

NOTE : For Students taking Three Unit Course in Physics:

There shall be two practical groups (I, II) and a minimum of 8 experiments from each group have to be performed and reported in the journal. In addition, the students will observe and participate in a minimum of 3 demonstration experiments. These are also to be reported in the journal.

T. Y. B. Sc. Revised Syllabus (Practicals) (with effect from 2010—2011)

Group—I Mechanics and Properties of Matter, Heat Optics and Sound:

1 Kater’s Pendulum: determination of g
2. Quince’s method: determination of surface tension of Mercury.
3. Flat spiral spring: determination of Y, q, a.
4. Y by Koenig’s method.
5. Lee’s method: determination of coefficient of thermal conductivity of
a bad   conductor.
6. Determination of Stefan’s constant o.
7. R. P. of prism.
8. Goniometer.
9. Lloyd’s mirror determination of A.
10. Double refraction.
11. Rydberg’s constant.
12.Velocity of sound using speaker, microphone and CR0.

Group — II Electricity, Magnetism and Solid State Devices

1, Mutual inductance by BG.
2. Hysterisis using magnetometer.
3. Capacitor Parallel bridge.
4. Maxwell’s bridge.
5. Hall effect measurement.
6. FET Characteristics and its use as V V R.
7. 5CR Characteristics.
8. Energy band gap of Ge diode.
9. Photodiode and photo transistor characteristics.
10. Diode as temperature sensor.
11.M/CbyEG.

Group — III Electronics

1. Transistorized Bistable multivibrator or Schmitt trigger.
2. Astable multivibrator using OP-AMP.
3. Log amplifier using OP-AMP.
4. Wein Bridge Oscillator (OPAMP).
5. High Pass or Low Pass active filter: OP AMP (1st order only).
6 Transistor voltage regulator with current limit / fold back limit.
7. Three terminal current / voltage regulator.
8. 555 Timer: Linear triggered Ramp Generator.
9. 555 Timer: Monostable or Astable.
10. To Fourier Analyse a square I triangular waveform.
11. Counter divided by2, 5, 10.
12. Study of 4 bit shift register.

Skills:

1. Drawing advanced level graphs.
2. Estimation Of errors.
3. Soldering advanced circuit.
4. Bread board circuit using IC’s.
5. Optical Levelling of Spectrometer.
6. Laser beam profile.
7. Obtaining fringes without lateral shift using Biprism.
8. Use of electronic balance: radius of small ball bearing.
9. Dual traces CR0: Phase shift measurement.
10. BG C1/C2 by comparing 81 / e2.

Demonstration Experiments:

1. Open CRC, Power Supply, Signal Generator: Discuss block diagram.
2. Data sheet reading for diodes, Transistor, Op amp and Optoelectronic devices.
3. Circuit designing — single stage amplifier, Transistor Multivibrator etc. and testing on breadboard.
4. Equation solver.
5. Amplitude Modulation.
6. Frequency Modulation.
7. e/m.
8. Millikan’s oil drop experiment.
9. Zeeman effect.
10. Michelson’s interferometer.
11. Iodine absorption spectra.
12. Standing waves in liquid using Ultrasonic waves.
13. PC simulation of 8085.
14. Use of PC / μP to control real world parameters.
15. Seven segment display.
16. Demonstration of chaos using CR0.
17. Study of GM counter.

References:

1. Advanced course in Practical Physics:  D. Chattopadhya, PC. Rakshit & B. Saha (8th Edition)Book & Allied Pvt. Ltd.
2. BSc Practical Physics: Harnam Singh S. Chand & Co.Ltd—2001.
3. A Text book of Practical Physics: Samir Kumar Ghosh New Central Book Agency (4th edition)
4. B Sc. Practical Physics: C. L. Arora. (1st Edition) —2001 S. Chand & Co. Ltd.
5. Practical Physics: C. L. Squires — ( 3rd  Edition) Cambridge University Press.
6. University Practical Physics: D C Tayal. Himalaya Publication.
7. Advanced Practical Physics:  Worsnop & F’int.

 

T. Y. B. Sc. Physics (Applied Component).

Revised syllabus (with effect from 2010-11)

The revised syllabus in the subject of electronic instrumentation (Applied Component) for third year B.Sc. Physics (Single/ Twin major subject) will be implemented from the academic year 2010-11.
The scheme of examination in the subject of electronic instrumentation will be as follows:

Scheme of Examination

Electronic Instrumentation

Paper	Section	Title	Marks
Paper E.I.-I	-----	Analog circuit & instruments	60
Paper E.I.-II	-----	Digital electronics, Microprocessor & It’s applications, Programming in C++	60
Practicals		Practical Paper EIP-l	30
		Practical Paper EIP-ll	30
		Certified journal	10
		Viva Voce	10

Total marks:    Theory:  120
Practical   :    80
 Total     :   200

N.B

1. Duration of each Theory paper will be 3 Hours.
2.  Duration of each Practical paper will be 3 Hours.
3. A certified journal electronic instrumentation must contain a minimum of 16 experiments with at least 8 from each practical paper. At least 2 experiments from each sub group as mentioned in syllabus should be performed.
4. Every candidate will be required to perform 2 experiments, one from each practical paper.
5. A candidate will be allowed to appear for the practical examination only if the candidate submit his/her certified journal or a certificate from head Department of Physics stating that the candidate has completed the practical course of Electronic Instrumentation as per requirements.
6. Each theory paper consists of 5 questions, one from each unit & the fifth question will be from all units. All questions are compulsory & will have internal choice.
7.   Two periods per week per theory paper & four periods per week per practical batch are to be allotted in the workload.

Paper- I  Analog Circuit & Instruments

Unit 1: Electronic Components, Transducers & Display Devices (15 lectures)

Review Of Passive Components: Resistor, Capacitor, & Inductor Ref. BKG:1.4 & 1.4.1 Introduction To Transducers Ref. K :1.3.1&1.3.2

• Temperature measurements:
  Resistance thermometer, thermocouple & thermistor.
  Ref. H & C: 11.5.1, 11.5.2 & 11.5.4

• Pressure & Displacement Transducers:
  Strain Gauges (derivation of gauge factor is not expected), LVDT, Capacitive transducers, Load cell.
  Ref. K: 13.6, 13.11, 13.13& 13.14

• Optical transducers & display devices: LED, LCD, & Dot Matrix Display.
  Seven segment LED display, BCD to seven segment decoder /driver, Liquid crystal displays.
  Ref. K: 13.16, 2.10, 2.11 & 2.12.4
  T: 6.6, 6.8, 6.9

Unit 2: Measuring Instruments (15 lectures)

1. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope :
   Introduction, CRO block Diagram, CRT connection, vertical amplifier, Basic function of sweep generator, horizontal deflection system, triggered sweep, trigger pulse, delay line.
   Probes: - 1:1 probe, 10:1 probe, attenuators (Uncompensated & Compensated), dual trace CRO.
   Ref. K: 7.1, 7.4, 7.12, 7.6, 7.3.1, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.28.1, 7.28.2, 7.29, 7.29.1, 7.29.2 & 7.15
2. Analog Electronic Multimeters:
   Transistor voltmeter, Solid state (OP Amp based) voltmeter.
   Ref. K: 4.7, 4.9
3. Digital Instrumentation
   D/A Conversion, Variable (Weighted) resistor & binary ladder (4bit) type D/A Convertors.
   Ref. M & L: 12.1, & 12.2.
   DMM, 31/2 digital, resolution & sensitivity, general specification.
   Ref. K: 6.2, 5.8, 5.9 & 5.10.

Unit 3Signal Generator & Signal Conditioning (15 lectures)

1. Signal generator & Clippers using op-amps & 555 timer applications:
   Oscillators: Wien bridge oscillator, triangular wave generation, sawtooth wave-generation & square-triangular wave generator using op-amp.
   Positive & Negative clippers using Op-amp. 555 Timer applications: Tone burst oscillator (Temperature to frequency conversion) Voltage controlled frequency shifter.
   Ref. G: 7.13, 7.16, 7.17 & 8.12.1.
   C & D: 13.4.1 & 13.4.2
2. Instrumentation Amplifier & its applications:
   Basic instrumentation Amplifier, instrumentation system, Applications of instrumentation Amplifier, temperature indicator, light intensity meter, analog weight scale.
   Ref. K: 14.3, 14.3.2, 14.4, 14.4.1, 14.4.2, 14.4.3
3. Active filters:
   Introduction, active filters, 2nd order Low Pass Butterworth filter, 2nd order High Pass Butterworth filter, band pass filter, wide band pass filter, wide band rejection filter &
   Narrow band rejection filter.
   Ref. G: 7.1, 7.2 7.4, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.8.1, & 7.9.1, 7.9.2.   

Unit 4: Power Supplies 15 lectures)

1. Linear & switching regulators
   Adjustable Positive Voltage Regulator (LM317), Adjustable Negative Voltage Regulator (LM337), Formation of adjustable bipolar voltage regulator using LM317 & LM337. Fixed output voltage regulator with current booster.
   Ref. C&D: 16.11, 16.12, 16.13
   Ref.      M: 24.5
   Constant current source (ground load) using OP- Amp & pnp -transistor.
   Ref. C&D: 5.5.2
   Basic & Monolithic Switching regulators (buck, boost & buck-boost) (Only basic configurations)
   Ref. M: 24.7

 References:

1. BKG: Basic Electronic & Linear Circuits by N.N.Bhargava, D.C.Kulshreshtha & S.C.Gupta. Technical Teachers Training Institute, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited.
2. H & C: Modern Electronic Instrumentation & Measurement Techniques by Albert D. Helfrick & William D. Cooper (PHI) Edition.
3. K: Electronic Instrumentation by H.S.Kalsi, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. T : Digital electronic by G.L.Tokheim(6th Edition)( Tata McGraw Hill)
5. C & D: “OP-AMPs & linear integrated circuits” by, Coughlin & F.F.Driscoll (6th Edition), Eastern Economy Education, PHI.
6. G : OP-AMPs & linear integrated circuits by R.A.Gayakwad,(4th Edition, PHI)
7. M: “electronic principles” by A.P.Malvino (6th Edition, PHI).
8. M&L: “Digital principle & Applications” by Malvino & Leach (6th Edition, TMH).

Additional References:
H&H: The Art of Electronic, by Paul Horowitz & Winfield Hill (2nd Edition)

PAPER-II Digital Electronics, Microprocessor & its applications, Programming in C++ (15 lectures) 

Unit 1:  Digital Electronics
Tristate Devices, Buffers, Decoders, Encoders, Latch
Ref: RG: 3.5, 3.5.1, 3.5.2, 3.5.3, 3.5.4 & 3.5.5
Multiplexers, their use in Combinational Logic design, multiplexers tree, Demultiplexers, their use in Combinational Logic design, Demultiplexers tree.
Ref: RPJ: 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.3.1 & 6.3.2.
Memory Classification, Charge Couple Device memory.
Ref: RG: 3.2.7. & RPJ: 11.9.1, 11.9.2 & 11.9.3.

Unit 2:  8085 Microprocessor & Basics Assembly Language Programming -1 (15 lectures) 
Introduction, Historical Perspective, Organization of Microprocessor Based system, How does the microprocessor works, Machine Language, Assembly Language, Writing & executing an Assembly Language Program, High Level Languages.
Ref: RG: 1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2(Omit-1.2.4)
8085 Bus Organization, 8085 Hardware model, 8085 programming Model, The 8085 Microprocessor , Microprocessor Communication & Bus Timing, Demultiplexing  of Address & Data Bus , Generation Control Signals. A detailed look at 8085 Microprocessor
Ref: RG: 3.1.1, 2.1.1 & 2.1.2, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.1.4, 4.1.5  
Instruction, Instruction Word Size, Opcode Format Ref: RG: 2.3.1 & 2.3.2, Addressing Modes Ref: RG: 6.1.1.The 8085 Instruction Set (Classification) Ref: RG: 2.2.1, Data transfer Operations Ref: RG: 6.1, 7.2.1, 7.2.2 & 7.3.3, Arithmetic operations Ref: RG: 6.2, 7.2.4 & 7.3.1.

Unit3:    Basics Assembly Language Programming -11 & 8255 PPl  (15 lectures)
Logical Operations Ref: RG: 6.3, 7.4 & 7.5, Branch Operation Ref: RG: 6.4, 9.2(Omit 9.2.1 & 9.2.2) & 9.3 Stack Ref: RG: 9.1, Introduction to Advanced instructions Ref: RG: 10.7, Flowchart Ref: RG:  6.1.2
IC 8255 (PPl): Block Diagram of the 8255A, Mode 0: Simple Input or Output, BSR (Bit/Set/Reset) Mode. Ref: RG:  15.1.1, 15.1.2 & 15.1.3

Unit 4:  Basic Concept of Object Oriented Programming & C++         (15 lectures)

1. Basic of Object-Oriented Programming & Beginning with C++:
   A look at the Procedure-Oriented Programming, Object-Oriented Programming Paradigm, Basic Concept of Object- Oriented Programming, Benefits of OOP, Object-Oriented Languages, Applications of OOP. What is C++? Applications of C++, A Sample of C++ program, More C++ Statements, Example with class, Structure of C++ program, Creating the Source File, Compiling & Linking.
   Ref: EB: 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 & 1.8
   EB: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 & 2.8
2. Tokens, Expressions & Control Structure: Introduction, Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers & Constants, Basic Data Types, User Defined Data Types, Derived Data Types, Symbolic Constants, Type Compatibility, Declaration Of Variables, Dynamic Initialization Of  Variables, Reference Variables, Operators In C++, Scope Resolution Operator, Member Dereferencing Operators, Memory Management Operators, Manipulators, Type Cast Operator Expressions & Their Types, Special Assignment Expressions, Implicit Conversations, Operator Overloading, Operator Precedence. 
   Ref EB: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 312, 3.13, 3.14, 3.15, 3.16, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 3.22 & 3.23
3. Control Statement & Functions: Control Structures, Functions: The Main Function, Function Prototyping, Call by Reference, Return by Reference, Inline Function, Default Arguments, Constant Argument, Function Overloading, Math Library Functions.
   Ref EB: 3.24, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9 & 4.11

Main References:

1. RPJ: Modern Digital Electronic by R.P.Jain, 3rd edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. RG: Microprocessor Architecture, programming & Application with the  8085 by Ramesh Gaonkar, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall of India.
3. EB: Object Oriented Programming with C++ by E Balagurusamy,  third/fourth Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited
   

Additional References:

1. Microprocessor & Applications by Vibhute & Borole, Technova   Publications Pune.
2. Microprocessor, principles & applications by Gilmore (2nd ED) TMH.
3. Programming with C++ by D.Ravichandran, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
4. Starting out with C++ by Tony Gaddis, Third Edition, Addison Wesley Publishing Company.

Practicals Paper 1

Group-A

• Thermistor Characteristics- thermal & electrical(H &C)
• Thermistor as sensor in temperature to voltage convertor using OPAMP(C & D Ch.8)
• Basic Instrumentation Amplifier using 3 OpAmps coupled to resistance bridge(C&D Ch.8)
• Study of LVDT characteristics(K Ch.13)
• Study of Load Cell/ Strain Guage (K Ch.13)

Group-B

Note: All the B-group experiments should be performed on breadboard

• Temperature to frequency conversation using 555 timer.(C & D Ch.13)
• OP AMP D/A Converter weighted resistor/ Ladder network.( M & L Ch.12)
• Positive & Negative Clipper using op-amp.(G Ch.8)
• Second Order active Low Pass/High Pass filter (frequency response & phase relation) (K .Ch 15).
• Active Notch filter (frequency response & phase relation) (K. Ch.15).
• Square & Triangular wave generator-using OPAMPs with concept of duty cycle. (M.Ch23)

Group -C

• Adjustable Voltage Regulator using LM317.(C & D Ch 14)
• Adjustable constant Current Source using LM317.
• Constant Current Source using OPAMP & PNP transistor (o/p current less than 50mA) (C & D Ch 5)
• Study of Monolithic IC regulator. (M.Ch.24)
• Study of variable dual power supply LM317 & LM337((+,-)3vto (+,-)15v) (C & D Ch.13).

References:

• H & C: Modern Electronic Instrumentation & Measurement Techniques by Albert D. Helfrick & William D. Cooper (PHI) Edition.
• G: OP-AMPs & linear integrated circuits by R.A.Gayakwad,(4th Edition, PHI)
• C&D: “OP-AMPs & linear integrated circuits” by, Coughlin & F.F.Driscoll  (6th Edition PHI).
• M: “Electronic principles” by A.P.Malvino (6th Edition, PHI).
• K: Electronic Instrumentation by H.S.Kalsi, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
• M&L: “Digital principle & Applications” by Malvino & Leach (6th Edition, TMH).
• RPJ: Modern Digital Electronics 3rd edition(THM)- R.P.Jain

Paper -II

Group A

• Study of 3:8 Decoder (74LS138) & study of 8:3 Priority Encoder (74LS148) & their applications.(RPJ)
• Study of  Latch (74LS373) & its applications.(RPJ)
• Study of 8:1 Multiplexer (74LS151) & its applications.(RPJ)
• Study of 1:4 De-multiplexer (74LS155) & its applications.(RPJ)
• Study of  ROM & its addressing using decoder.(RPJ & RG)

Group -B

8085 Programming

NOTE: The student should be familiar with Keyboard & Display utilities such as READ KEYBOARD, TO DISPLAY ON ADDRESS FILED, TO DISPLAY ON DATA FIELD, MENTIONED IN THEIR 8085 µP kit’s manual.

1. Writing Assembly Language Programs using Direct Register  Addressing, Indirect
     Addressing: 
   i) To Add 8-bit/ 16-bit numbers with CARRY. (Display/ store result  & Carry)      
   ii) To Subtract 8-bit/ 16- bit numbers with BORROW.( Display/ Store result & Borrow)
2. Writing Assembly Language Programs:-
   i)To accept 4-bit/ 8-bits numbers from Keyboard, add/subtract & display/store Result, Carry/Borrow)
   ii)To Add a series of numbers.(Display Result & Carry)
   iii)To multiply two, 8-bit numbers (using Direct Register Addressing, Indirect Addressing) & Display result.
3. Writing Assembly Language Programs:-
   i)   To transfer a series of block of data from Source to Destination.
   ii) To find odd/even numbers from a series of block of data. (Display result).
4. Writing Assembly Language Programs:-
   i)  To find positive/negative nos. from a series of block of data. (Display result)
   ii) To find maximum/minimum from a series of block of data.(Display result).
5. Writing Assembly Language Programs:-
   i)To divide two, 8-bit nos. (Display Quotient & Remainder)
   ii)To arrange, 8-bit nos. in ascending/descending order.

Ref: Same books as in Theory Paper II

Group C

C++Programming

1. Program based on Input, Output Statements.
   (Programs to read any two numbers through keyboard & to perform simple arithmetic operations & to display the result)
2. Program based on Control Statements
   1. Program based on if-else statement
   2. Program based on nested if statement
3. Program based on for loop, while loop & do-while loop.
4. Program using switch statement & if-else ladder.
5. Program to study function declaration, function calling & function prototype.

Ref: Same Books as in Theory Paper II