F.Y.B.Sc SYLLABUS(2008-2009)
Paper-I
Plant diversity-I
Term-I
Unit-I: Microbiology & Algae (15)
1. Microbiology
1.1 Bacteria
- Size, Shape and arrangement; Ultra-structure of bacterial cell; Growth and Reproduction (Binary fission, Spore formation, Conjugation) 04
- Significance of bacteria 01
1.2 Viruses
- General characters, size and shape; Ultra-structure; Classification (Plant, Animal and Bacterial virus); Multiplication of bacteriophage T4. 02
- Significance of viruses. 01
1.3 Fermentation
- Detailed account of fermentation process of Alcohol, Acetic acid and Anitbiotics. 02
2. Algae
- Structure, Life-cycle and Systematic position of Nostoc and Zygnema. 04
- Economic Importance of Algae with special reference to Biofertilizers and Food. 01
Unit-II: Fungi & Lichens (15)
1. Fungi
- Structure, Life-cycle and Systematic position of Rhizopus and Aspergillus 06
- Modes of nutrition in fungi-Parasitism, Hyper-parasitism, Saprophytism and Predation. 03
- Economic Importance of Fungi. 03
2. Lichens
- Classification, structure, method of reproduction, economic importance and ecological significance of Lichens. 03
Unit-III: Anatomy (15)
1. Anatomy
- Tissue Systems in plants: Introduction of various tissue systems in plants. 06
- Epidermal tissue system- Epidermal outgrowth, stomata(typical Dicot and Monocot stomata); Cell Inclusions- Proteins and carbohydrates.
- Study of the primary structure of Dicotyleddonous and Monocotyledonous stem, root and leaf. 05
- Study of normal secondary growth in Dicotyledonous stem and root. 04
Paper-II
Form and Function 1
Term-I
Unit-I: Plant Biochemistry & Physiology (15)
1. Plant Biochemistry & Physiology
1.1 Enzymes
- Classification, mode of action, enzyme specification and inhibition. 05
1.2 Water plant interaction
- Structure and properties of water, the polarity of water, water transport processes, Osmosis, water potential. 05
1.3 Mineral Nutrition
- Essential nutrients, deficiencies and plant disorders, treating nutrient deficiences, Soil roots and microbes. 05
UNIT-II: Cell Biology & Microscopy (15)
1. Cell Biology
- Ultrastructure and Functions of the cell wall. Plasma membrane[bilayer lipid structure, fluid mosaic model] 3
- Ultrastructure and functions of the cell organelles: Mitochondrion and Chloroplast. 6
- Ultrastructure of the Interphase Nucleus. 2
- Ultrastructure of Chromosome. 2
2. Microscopy
- Principles, working and applications of a Light Microscope. 02
Unit-III: Genetics (15)
1. Genetics
1.1 Genetic Inheritance 06
- Gene interaction
Intralocus [Allelic] gene interaction.
Intralocus [Non-Allelic] gene interaction- Non-epistatic interaction.
Epistatic interaction- recessive epistasis, duplicate recessive epistasis, dominant epistasis and duplicate dominant epistasis.
1.2 Chromosome Variation (Altrerations) 05
- Variation in chromosome structure and arrangement: Definition, Origin,Cytological and Genetics Effects of the following:
Deletions, Duplications, Inversions and Translocations.
1.3 Sex Determination 04
- Chromosomal sex determination: Heterogametic male- XX-XY (Man, Drosophila, Melandrium), XX-XO(Grass-hopper, Dioscorea and Vallisneria);
Heterogametic female- ZW-ZZ(fowl), ZO-ZZ(Butterflies);
Haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera,Gynandromorphs: Lyon Hypothesis: Sex-reversal.
Paper-I
Plant Diversity-I
Term-II
Unit-IV: Bryophytes and Pteridophytes (15)
1. Bryophytes
- Structure life cycle systematic position and alternation of generation in Riccia. 04
- Range of thallus structure of gametophyte in Bryophytes. 03
2. Pteridophytes
- Structure life cycle, systematic position and alternation of generation in Nephrolepis. 05
- Types of steles. 03
Unit-V: Gymnosperms (15)
1. Gymnosperms
- Distinguishing characters of Cycadophyta and Coniferophyta. 03
- Structure life cycle, systematic position and alternation of generation in Cycas. 06
- Economic importance of Gymnosperms. 02
- Type of Fossils. 02
- Geological Time scale. 02
Unit-VI: Angiosperms (15)
1. Angiosperms
- Sytems of classifications: Artificial, Natural and phylogenetic, their limitations and one example of each. 02
- Bentham and Hooker's system of classification up to orders[family] with respect to the following prescribed families: Annonaceae, Malvaceae, Leguminosae[All the three sub-families]. Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Amaryllidaceae. 13
Paper-II
Form and Function 1
Term II
Unit-IV: Environmental Botany (15)
1.1 Ecosystems
- Structure, Functions and types of ecosystem;Productivity in an Ecosystem (Terrestrial/ Pond)
- Energy flow in an Ecosystem; Thermodynamics. 08
1.2 Applied Ecology
- Environmental Biotechnology- Bioremediation.Principles of conservation
- Biodiversity- Ex situ and In situ conservation.
- Petrocrops. 07
UNIT-V: Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (15)
1.1 DNA – The genetic material 07
- DNA structure and replication (prokaryotic and eukaryotic),
- DNA- protein interaction,
- The nucleosome model.
1.2 Enzymes in Gene Cloning 05
- Terminal transferase, DNA Polymerase, Reverse Transcriptase.Exonucleases, S1 Nuclease, Alkaline Phosphatase, Kinase, Ligases.
1.3 Cloning Vectors 03
- Plasmids (pBR322,pUC19), Phage, Cosmid.
Unit-VI: Current Trends in Plant Sciences (15)
1.1 Herbal Cosmetics in Skin Care 02
- Concepts and applications, present status and scope; Structure of Human skin.
1.2 Aromatherapy 02
- Concepts and Applications, present status and scope.
1.3 Horticulture 05
- Definition, branches, present status and scope.
1.4 Forestry 06
- Definition, branches, present status and scope.
- Minor products from forests: Gums, Resins, Shellac, Tendu leaves.
S. Y. BSc. Botany
First Term Portion
Paper I: Plant Diversity II
Unit I: Algae and Bryophyta 15
Algae 09
1. Structure, life cycle and systematic position of
- Sargassum
- Batrachospermum
2. Pigments and reserved food in algae
3. Range of thallus structure in algae
Bryophytes 06
Structure, life cycle and systematic position of
Unit II: Fungi and Plant Pathology 15
1. Structure, life cycle and systematic position of 08
- Erysiphe
- Agaricus
- Ustilago
2. Diseases – symptoms, causative organism, diseases cycle and control measures of 07
- Rust
- Early blight
- Powdery mildew
Unit III: Angiosperms 15
1. Concerns of taxonomy 02
- Systematics
- Taxonomic structure
- Nomenclature
- Documentation
2. Characters of Taxonomic importance 07
- Exomorphic characters: Morphological characters of root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed
- Cytological characters: Chromosome number andchromosome morphology
- Phytochemical characters –
Primary constituents – Proteins, DNA, Polysaccharides
Secondary constituents – Tannins, alkaloids
3. Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification for 06
Flowering plants up to family with respect to the following
Prescribed families and economic and medicinal importance
For members of the families:
- Cruciferae
- Tiliaceae
- Meliaceae
- Myrtaceae
- Combretaceae
Paper II: Form and Function II
Unit I: Instrumentation and Techniques 15
- Microscopy – Phase contrast and electron microscopy 04
- Chromatography – Principles and types of chromatography absorption and partition, paper and thin layer 06
- Electrophoresis – Horizontal and vertical gel electrophoresis, Staining techniques for proteins 05
Unit II: Plant Biochemistry and Plant Physiology 15
- Photophysiology and Photorespiration Electromagnetic spectrum, plant pigments and their interaction with light, concept of
fluorescence and phosphorescence, light reaction of photosynthesis, C3, C4 and CAM pathway, Photorespiration08
- Carbohydrate Metabolism Structure, synthesis and degradation of Sucrose, Starch, Fructans and Cellulose 07
Unit III: Cytogenetics 15
1. Genetic Mapping in eukayotes 06
Introduction to meiosis (crossing over and recombination during Meiosis), linkage, crossing over and construction of chromosome maps (through 3 – point test cross)
2. Extranuclear Genetics 03
- Organelle hereditary –
- Chloroplast determines heredity – Plastid transmission in plants, Male sterility in plants, Streptomycin resistance in Chlamydomonas
- Mitochondrion determined heredity – Petit Colonies in yeast
- Maternal effect – Coiling of snail, Pigmentation in Ephestia moth
- Extra chromosomal inheritance in prokaryotes
3. Variation in chromosome 06
Origin and production, morphological and cytological features, Applications in crop improvement and evaluation of Aneuploids and Euploids (Monoploids, Autopolyploids and Allopolyploids)
Paper III: Current Trends in Plant Sciences - I
Unit I: Pharmacognosy 15
- Introduction to Pharmacognosy – History, present and future 01
- Introduction to pharmacopoeia 01
- Concept of Primary and Secondary metabolites 10
Study of secondary metabolites (sources, properties and uses) with reference to Alkaloids, Glycosides, Tannins, Volatile oils
and Gums and resins
- Crude drugs – Classification of crude drugs 02
- Cosmetology 01
Unit II: Forestry 15
- Types of forests – Classification of forest, different types of forests in India 10
- Applications of forestry – Social forestry, Reforestation, Aforestation, Deforestation 05
Unit III: Ecology 15
1. Ecological factors 05
Concept of environmental factors, soil as an Edaphic factor,
soil composition, types of soil, soil formation, soil profile
Community ecology 10
- Concept of community
- Qualitative characters of community – physiognomy, growth forms (Raunkair’s classification), Biological spectrum, stratification, species diversity and abundance
- Quantitative characters of community – frequency, density, cover and biomass, species abundance
Second Term Portion
Paper I: Plant Diversity II
Unit IV: Microbiology 15
1. Methods of microbiology 09
- Basic principles of staining
- Culture media preparation
- Pure culture methods
2. Classification of bacteria based on mode of nutrition 02
3.Bacterial Biofertilizers with reference to Rhizobium 02
- Mass propagation
- Methods of application
4. Ecological microbiology 02
- Bacteria in Sulphur cycle
- Bacteria in Phosphate solublisation
Unit V: Pteridophyta, Paleobotany and Gymnosperms 15
1. Pteridophyta 07
- Smith’s classification of Pteridophyta up to class salient features of Psilophyta, Lepidophyta, Calamophyta and Pterophyta
- Structure, life cycle and systematic position of Sellaginella and Equisetum
2. Paleobotany 03
- Structure and systematic position from genera Rhynia and Calamites
3. Gymnosperms 05
- Structure, life cycle and systematic position of Pinus
Unit VI: Angiosperms 15
- Units of classification 02
- Hierarchy of categories in taxonomic structure 02
- Tools of angiosperm taxonomy 04
- Museum (herbarium)
- Gardens (Botanical and public)
- Sacred grooves
- Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification for flowering plants up to family with respect to the following prescribed families and economic and medicinal importance for members of the families: 07
- Rubiaceae
- Apocynaceae
- Convolvulaceae
- Urticaceae
- Commelinaceae
- Sub-family - Cannaceae
Paper II: Form and Function II
Unit IV: Anatomy 15
1. Mechanical tissue system 06
- Tissue providing mechanical strength and support and their deposition
- I – girders in aerial and underground organs
2. Conducting tissue system 06
- Primary xylem and phloem
- Types of Vascular Bundles
- Stelar evolution and conducting system in various plant systems
3. Defense mechanism in plants 03
- Morphological, anatomical, physiological and Biochemical defense mechanisms
Unit V: Environmental Botany and Physiology 15
1. Environmental Botany 09
- Ecological succession: Hydrosere and xerosere
- Plant indicators
- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
- Protected Area Network (PAN)
- Environment legislation
- Ecotourism
2. Plant Physiology 06
Phytochrome response and vernalization with reference to flowering in higher plants – Physio-chemical properties of Phytochrome, Pr-Pfr Interconversion, role of Phytochrome in flowering of SDPs and LDPs, vernalization – mechanisms and applications
Unit VI: Molecular Biology and Biostatistics 15
1. Molecular Biology Protein synthesis 09
- Central dogma of protein synthesis
- Transcription, RNA molecules and RNA processing, the transcription process, RNA synthesis, Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- Nature of the genetic code, translation of the Genetic message, protein sorting in the cell
2. Biostatistics 06
Testing of hypothesis: Chi square test and Student t test (paired and unpaired)
Second Term Portion
Paper III: Current Trends in Plant Sciences I
(Lectures 45)
Unit IV: Economic Botany 15
- Fibres: Types of fibres, fibre yielding plants 05
- Paper: Types of paper, paper yielding plants 05
- Spices and condiments: Nutmeg, Mace, Clove, Cardamom and Saffron
Unit V: Horticulture 15
- Location in the garden – Edges, hedgs, fence, lawn Flower beds, avenue, water garden (with 2 examples each)
Focal point
- Formal and informal gardens
- Species diversity in different locations
- National parks, Botanical gardens
Unit VI: Biotechnology and Bioinformatics 15
1. Biotechnology
- Recombinant DNA technology and manipulation of DNA,
Transgenic plant production by Agrobacterium
mediated gene transfer (molecular basis)
Selectable markers, reporter genes, promoters used
In plant vectors,
transgenic plants used for improving quality of seeds
edible vaccines 07
- Solid state fermentation for production of Fungal Biomass (for industrial enzymes) 03
2. Bioinformatics 05
Introduction to bioinformatics – www, internet and its uses,
Tools used in bioinformatics related to Biotechnology,
NCBI data models and other data bases, services offered by
NCBI and EBI
T. Y. B. Sc. Syllabus in Botany
Paper I —Plant Diversity-III
Unit I - Microbiology 30
*Aero microbiology:
- Concept, definition, applications and utility in agricultural science, veterinary science, medica! Science, environmental science and biotechnology 06
- Aero microbiological techniques:- Principles and methods of air sampling—By using Air samplers and Culture plate techniques 04
- Microbial components cr atmosphere:- Algal, fungal, bacterial, lichen, pollens, Trichomes and animj components (insect parts, hairs, protozoon cysts and mite Material) 07
- Impact of meteorological oarameters on aeromicrobiota. 03
- Analysis of aeromicrobicta:- Identification, statistical analysis and logical interpretation 04
- Impact of aeromicrobiots on :- living system - plants, animals and human beings
non livings - Biodeterioration, biodegradation of historical monuments, Library, materials, textile material and leather goods. 06
Unit II-Algae 30
* Systematic position, structure and life cycle of the following 20
- Cyanophyta: Rivularia
- Chlorophyta : Oedogon/u'n, Chara
- Chrysophyta : Diatoms
- Rhodophyta: Polysiphoni:
*Origin and evolution of sex in Algae 05
*Habitat diversity in Algae 05
Unit III- Mycology and Piant Pathology 30
*Systematic position, structure and life cycle of the following 20
- Phycomycetes- Albugo
- Ascomycetes- yeast, Xylc'ia
- Basidipmycetes- Puccinic
- Deuteromycetes- Fusariurri, Alternaria
*Study of plant diseases: Causative organism, symptoms, predisposing factors, disease cycle and control measures of the following 10
- Wilt of Pea
- Tikka disease of groundnut
- Wood rotting fungi – Ganoderma
-
A study of physical, chemical and biological control methods of plant diseases.
Unit IV- Bryophyta and Pteridophyta 30
Bryophyta 16
Smith's system of Classification of Bryophyta (upto Order) 02
- Marchantia
- Pellia
- Pogonatum
Evolution of the sporophyte in Bryophyta 02
Economic importance of Bryophytes 02
Pteridophyta 14
Systematic position, structure and life cycle of the following: 10
- Lycopodium
- Ophioglossum
- Marsilea
Evolution of the sorus in Pterophyta 04
Paper II —Plant Diversity-IV
Unit I - Gymnosperms and Paleobotany
Gymnosperms 15
Systematic position, structure and life cycle of the following: 15
Paleobotany 15
1. Systematic position and structure of the following form genera 10
- Lepidodendron
- Lyginopteris
- Pentoxylon
2. Fossil records, location/ collection spots 02
3. Paleobotanical Institutes - International and Indian 02
4. Contributions of Birbal Sahani to Paleobotany 01
Unit II - Angiosperms 30
1. Characters of Taxonomic Importance 05
- Anatomy, Palynology and Embryology in relation to Taxonomy
2. Historical background of classification 06
3. Early Western Civilization
- Era of Herbalists
- Natural System of Classification - elaboration on Bentham and Hookers system of Classification
- Phylogenetic System of Classification - Engler and Prantl's , Hutchinson's
4. Tools of Angiosperm Taxonomy — Library, Floras, Monographs, Dictionary, Periodicals, Index and Journals 04
5. Systematic Botany-
Bentham and Hooker's system of classification for flowering plants up to family with respect to the following prescribed families and economic and medicinal importance for members of the families: 15
- Capparidaceae
- Rutaceae
- Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
- Scrophulariacea
- Amaranthaceae
- Palmae
- Grarninae (Poaceae)
- Sterculiaceae
- Cucurbitaceae
- Asclepiadaceae
- Labiatae (Lamiaceae)
- Polygonaceae
- Scitaminae - Sub -family Zingiberaceae
Unit III – Developmental Botany 30
Embryology 17
- Microsporangium, Structure and development, Microsporogenesis, role of tapetum in microsporogenesis. Development of male gametophyte 08
- Megasporangium, Structure and development, megasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte (polygomum type). 05
- Fertilization- Double fertilization and its significance 02
- Development of the embryo - Dicotyledonous type - Capsella type. 02
Palynology 13
- Pollen and spore morphology- size and shape, polarity, apertures (NPC), exine stratificalion, exine excrescences, construction of a palynogram 06
- Applications of palynology in honey industry, coal and oil exploration and forensic science. Aeropalynology and pollen allergy. 04
- Pollen viability and storage. Causes for loss of pollen viability, Tests for pollen viability, Pollen storage. 02
- Germination and growth of the pollen tube, factors affecting pollen tube growth. 01
Unit IV-Anatomy 30
- Types of stomata 04
- Anomalous secondary growth in the Stems of Bignonia, Salvadora, Achyranthes, Aristolochia, Dracaena. Storage roots of Beet, Radish. 10
- Root Stem Transition 04
- Ecological Anatomy 12
- Hydrophytes
- Psyophytes
- Xerophytes
- Epiphytes
- Halophytes
- Mesophytes
Paper III —Form and Function II
Unit I – Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 30
1. Translocation of Solutes 05
Transport of inorganic solutes-Active and Passive Transport, Transport of organic solutes, Shuttle systems, Anatomy of sieve tubes, contents moving through sieve tubes, Mechanism of sieve tube translocation-
Munch's Hypothesis, Electro osmosis mechanism and osmotic gradient, Rapid-Slow movement mechanism
2. Lipid Metabolism 08
Biosynthesis and Degradation of ialty acids and glycerol, Respiratory metabolism in germinating seeds, β- oxidaiion & energetics of β-oxidation, Types of lipids
3. Biological Clock 04
Concept of Biological Clock, Time memory system, Practical importance of Biological Clock, Circadian Rhythms- Characteristics, Examples from nature and Significance.
4. Vegetative Growth 08
General phases of Growth. Growth Curves, Factors affecting growth- External (environmental) and internal ( genetic , hormonal, nutritional), Role of plant growth regulating substances- Auxins, Cytokinins, and Ciibberellins. their commercial applications
5. Nitrogen Metabolism 05
Nitrogen Cycle, Root Nodule formation & Leg-haemoglobin, Nitrogenase activity, Assimilation of Nitrates (NR- NiR activity), Assimilation of Ammonia (Animation & Transamination reactions), Nitrogen and Assimilation Carbohydrate utilization.
Unit II - Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology and Biostatistics 30
1. Mutations -Point Mutations 08
2. Definition
3. Types - somatic/ germline, spontaneous/induced, gross/ point - base pair substitutions - transversion, transition; effect of substitution mutation on the phenotype (Missense mutation, Nonsense mutation, Neutral mutations, silent mutation)
- frame shift mutations (additions, deletions),
- suppression mutation.
4. Causes of Mutations - DNA replication errors, Induced mutations
5. Mutagenic agents- physical, chemical (base analogs, base modifying agents)
6. Role of mutations in plant breeding
7. Transposable elements 04
8 Transposons, Insertion elements, Mobile genetic elements in Maize (Jumping genes)
9. Genetic Mapping in Neurospora 06
10. Linear Tetrad Analysis
11. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes 06
12. Gene regulation of lactose utilization in E coli, lac operon
13. Biostatistics 06
14. Coefficient of correlation - ANOVA (‘F’ test)
Unit III-Environmental Botany 30
1. Bioremediation 09
- Bioremediation: Principles, Factors responsible and Microbial population in bioremediation.
- Biomagnification 01
- Bioaccumulation and biotransformation
- Phytoremediation: Metals, organic pollutants
Composting: Technology, process and factors influencing composting
2. Toxicology 04
- Pesticides: use in agriculture and public health programme
- Basic principles of toxicology including LD50 and LC50, Absorption, Distribution and physiological effects- Lead and Parathion
3. Global Environmental issues. 09
- Global Environmental problem and remedial measures
- Climate change: Global worming and green house effect
- Ozone depletion
- Acid rain
- GMO-Biosafety measures
- Consequences of the use of pesticides and fertilizer.
- Surface water and industrial pollution: e.g. Ganga river water
- Air pollution in metro cities
- Waste management including e-waste.
- Citizen Awareness: Ethical and Legal issues: 8
- Ethical issues in Biodiversity- IPR, Ethical Aspects
- Clinical trials,
- Toxicity testing for assessment of environment agents,
- Toxic waste disposal & trading
- Awareness of existing environmental laws and role of citizen groups in environmental management.
- Industry: siting criteria and EIA
- Industrial Safety: Case study- Bhopal gas tragedy
Unit IV- Plant Geography, Biodiversity and Forestry 30
•Phytogeographica! regions of India 06
1. Biodiversity 14
- Definition
- Biodiversity, distribution of flora found in various forest types of India
- Evolution of Biodiversity with one example of an evolutionary tree.
- Levels of biodiversity
- Importance and status of biodiversity
- Loss of biodiversity
- Conservation of biodiversity
- Genetic diversity- molecular characteristics
2. Forest Products 10
- Major and Minor Forest products
- Timber Industry
- Paper Industry
- Fodder yielding plants.
Paper IV - Current Trends in Plant Sciences II
Unit l-Plant Products & Entrepreneurship Developement 30
*Introduction to plant products. 01
*Cultivation, extraction and making of
- Essential oils - Rose, Critronella
- Dyes - Curcumin 09
*Entrepreneurship development in above products and preparation of a business plan for the same. 10
*Mushroom industry - cultivation, picking and packaging, marketing and economics of the business. 10
Unit II -Horticulture 30
1. Micropropagation 15
- Laboratory organization and techniques in plant tissue culture
- Totipotency
- Organogenesis
- Organ culture - root cultures, meristem cultures, anther and pollen culture, embryo culture.
- Somatic Embryogenesis and artificial seeds
- Protoplast Fusion and Somatic Hybridization
- Applications of tissue culture
2. Post Harvest Technology - Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables 1
- Drying /dehydration (Natural conditions - Sun drying; Artificial drying- hot air drying, Vacuum drying, Osmotically dried fruits, Crystallized or Candied fruits, Fruit Leather, Freeze Drying),
- Freezing (Cold air blast system , Liquid immersion method, Plate freezers, Cryogenic Freezing, Dehydrofreezing, Freeze drying),
- Canning,
- Pickling(in Brine, in vinegar, Indian Pickies) and
- Sugar Concentrates(Jams, Jellies, Fruit juices)
- Use of chemical Preservatives
- Use of Anti-oxidants
Unit III-Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Botany and Cosmetology 30
1. Cultivation Practices of the following medicinal plants with respect to Soil, Propagation methods, irrigation, manuring (fertilizers), harvesting, processing, storage, pests and Diseases, marketing and their medicinal uses 06
Allium sativum
Acorus calamus
Curcuma longa
2. Monograph of drugs with respect to Biological sources, geographical distribution, common varieties, macro and microscopic characters, chemical constituents, and therapeutic uses, adultrants of the following plants/drugs:
Oscimum basillum
Strychnos nux-vomica(seeds) 04
3. Introduction to herbal cosmetics definition, collection and processing of herbal material, natural and artificial drying of herbal material 04
4. Standardization of raw material -
importance of Standardization, physical and chemical methods of standardization,
quantitative and qualitative estimation of pnytoconstituents 06
5. Application of herbs in the following herbal cosmetics
Herbal Shampoo, Herbal Hair dye/Herbal Hair oil/ hair cream/hair gel
Herbal face mask
Herbal bath oil 08
6. Current status of herbal Cosmetic Industry in India, Problems and Future prospects of Herbal Cosmetic
Industry in India. 02
Unit IV - Biotechnology and Bioinformatics
1. Biotechnology
- Construction of Genomic DNA libraries, chromosome libraries and C-DNA Libraries 05
- Identification of specific cloned sequences in cDNA libraries and Genomic libraries. 10
- Analysis of genes and gene transcripts- Restriction enzyme analysis of cloned DNA sequences 05
- Hybridization (Southern-Sanger's Method, Northern Hybridization) 05
Bioinformatics 10
- Organization of biological data, databases
- Exploration of data bases, retrieval of desired data, BLAST etc.
- Protein structure analysis and application.
- Multiple sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis.
T.Y.BSC Applied Component
Horticulture & Gardening – I
for Biotechnology, Life Sciences and Botany
Paper I |
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Unit 1 |
15 |
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- Horticulture and its branches
|
6 |
| |
- Definition, importance and objectives of Horticulture, Branches of Horticulture, Pomology, Olericulture, Landscape Gardening, Nurseries and development
- Allied branches – Apiculture - Bee box, honey bee life cycle & role of apiculture in pollination, Sericulture - Silkworm life cycle, different types with host plant, Social forestry, Exhibition – Aims & objectives.-
- Books- 1.Denisen 2. Kumarsen,3. Percy Lancaster
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1
5
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| |
- Garden Operations for Horticulture –
- Selection of site, Preparation of soils for garden
- Mulching, Top – dressing, blanching,
- Sowing , Transplanting , Tree transplanting
- Irrigation- Overhead, Surface, Underground
- Weeding & Pruning - Principles, Objective & general technique
- Books- Indoor gardening-S.C.Dey
Complete home gardening-S.C.Dey page - 23
Horticulture by V.Kumaresan- saras prakashan. |
9 |
Unit 2 Propagation Practices |
15 |
| |
Advantages & disadvantages, method of seed propagation
Production of seeds, Handling, Collection & storage
Sowing, Transplanting of seedling & Hardening
Seed treatment to control diseases
Seedling diseases & their control |
3 |
| |
- Propagation by specialized Vegetative structures
Bulbs, Tubers , Corms
Rhizomes, Root stock, Runners, Offsets, and Suckers. |
2 |
| |
- Artificial methods of plant propagation
- Cutting – Root cutting, Stem cuttings, & Leaf cuttings. Use of PGRs for rooting.
- Layering – Definition, Types :- Simple, Compound (Serpentine) Tip, Trench, Mound, Air layering.
- Grafting – Definition , Advantages & disadvantages. Types – Splice, whip / tongue, side, veneer, cleft, bark, epicotyl, Approach, Repair grafting – inarching, bridge & bracing
- Budding - Definition, Advantages & disadvantages. Types- T-budding, shield, patch, ring budding.
- Books- Indoor gardening-S.C.Dey
Complete home gardening-S.C.Dey page - 23
- Developing new varieties: Technique of Emasculation & bagging, Role of polyploidy in production of seedless varieties in plants.
- Application of Tissue culture in relation to Horticulture. Books- Green house management of horticulture crops by S.Prasad & V.Kumar 2nd ed.page 299 – Agrobios India.
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10 |
Unit 3 Manures, Fertilizers and Diseases |
15 |
|
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| |
- Manures : Definition, importance, important manures FYM (Compost), oil cakes, green manure, organic manures & vermicompost.
|
2 |
| |
- Fertilizers : Definition , Types – Straight, Compound & Mixed. Nitrogenous (NH4)2 SO4 , Urea, Ca(NO3)2, NH4Cl, Phosphatic (Super phosphate, Bone meal) ,Potassic(Muriate of Potash, K2SO4)
- Books- Complete gardening by Gopalswamienger.
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4 |
| |
- Biofertilizers : Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Mycorrhiza, Sea weeds.
|
3 |
| |
- Horticultural Plant Diseases and their control.
Fungal diseases – Rust, Smut, Powdery mildew.
Bacterial – Citrus canker, Bacterial wilt.
Viral – TMV, Leaf curl.
Pest – Common pests on Horticultural crops- Aphides, Beetle, Stem borer, Caterpillar & Rats.
- Friends of Farmers - Earthworm, Snakes & Predaceous fungi.
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6 |
Unit 4 |
15 |
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- Water management & Conservation through horticultural practices, Dry land Horticulture
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6 |
|
- Important Horticulture research Institutes & Government schemes for strategy plantations
- Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth – Dapoli
- National Research Centre for grapes
- Regional fruit research centre – Pune
- Horticulture Training centre ( H.T.C.)– Talegaon
- CentralPotatoTuberResearch Institute (CPTRI)- Shimla
- Horticulture Consultancy
- Strategy plantation - Lakhibag Yojana
|
6 |
|
Definition, Scope, Indian Scenario, Future Scope – By Doshi. |
3 |
Paper II |
|
Unit 1 |
15 |
| |
|
6 |
| |
- Principles of landscaping & Garden design
- Indoor plants & Indoor gardens – Hydroponics, Terrarium, Bottle garden, dish garden
- Important garden features – Paths & Avenues, Hedges & Edges, Lawn. Flower beds, Arches & Pergolas, Fencing, Water bodies, Rock garden & Plants suitable for different locations & climates
- Lawn – Purpose of Preparation of lawn, Method of preparation of lawn & management of lawn & lawn plants
- Soil manipulation for plantation of desirable varieties
- Book- Complete home gardening-S.C.Dey
|
1
5
|
| |
- Different styles of Gardens
|
|
| |
- Mughal, Buddhist, Botanical garden and Vertical wall garden. Theme parks
|
|
| |
- Important Gardens of India – Shalimar (Shrinagar),Vrindavan (Mysore), Veer Jijamata Udyan (Mumbai).
- Book – M.S.Randhwa.
|
|
Unit 2 |
15 |
| |
- High–tech Horticultural production - Green house technology – Meaning, types, layout & construction, irrigation systems. Care & attention. Hardening of plants. Space Gardens
|
5 |
| |
- Floriculture :- Scope & importance, soil and climatic requirement and cultivation practices and Economics of green house production of Gerbera, Carnation, Roses, Orchids.
Propagation techniques, packing and marketing, enhancing and delaying period of bloom by special methods. Floral decoration, Florist shop management
Book- Green house management of horticulture crops by S.Prasad & V.Kumar 2nd ed. |
10 |
Unit 3 |
15 |
| |
- Commercial production of the following:- in relation to propagation, post plantation care, harvesting, post harvest management & varieties.
- Tubers –Potato
- Vegetables- Tomato
- Fruits - Mango, Grapes & Coconut- products like coco peat / Coir etc.
|
10 |
| |
- Post Harvest Technology:
- Maturity – Factors responsible for maturity and ripening methods used for delaying ripening.
- Harvest – Time of harvest, harvesting and handling of harvested products.
- Storage of fresh produce – Types of storages of fruits & vegetables
- Fruit & Vegetables preservation technology.
- Book – Food Science by Sreelaxmi.
|
5 |
Unit 4 |
15 |
| |
- Commercial production of the following:- in relation to propagation, post plantation care, harvesting, post harvest management & varieties.
- Spices/ Condiments –Chilly
- Medicinal Plants- Aloe vera, Stevia rebaurdina ( madura )
- Aromatic plant - Citronella , Patchouli, Coleus variety
|
10 |
| |
- Marketing- grading, packing & transportation. Ways of increasing the market value and shelf life of horticultural produce.
- Book - Green house management of horticulture crops by S.Prasad & V.Kumar 2nd ed.-(chap. 22)
|
2 |
| |
- Horticultural business, management and Entrepreneurship development
- Horticulture as a business definition and nature, organization, planning and operation of Horticulture farm business.
|
3 |
Horticulture & Gardening Practical - I
No |
Topics |
|
1. |
Garden implements and their uses. |
1 |
2. |
Different types of pots & Potting medium, Potting and repotting |
1 |
3. |
Propagation practices by Seed, Vegetative propagation, cutting, layering, budding, grafting. |
2 |
4. |
Identification of |
|
a. |
Fertilizers – Identification by physical and chemical methods – Urea, Ammonium sulphate, Pottassium sulphate, super phosphate. |
1 |
b. |
Manures – Identification of plants as green manure – Glyricidia, Crotolaria, Leucaena.
Biofertilizers – Identification (material / slides) VAM, Nostoc, Rhizobium. |
1 |
c. |
Soil PH, Use of soil testing kit, electrical conductivity, PH of water, liquid fertilizers. |
1 |
5. |
Method of preparing Bonsai, Bottle garden / Terrarium, Hanging baskets, Dish garden |
4 |
6.
|
Diseases and pests –
Fungal – Powdery, mildew, Rust, Wilt, Blight, Smut.
Bacterial – Canker, Wilt
Viral – Leaf curl, Yellow vein Mosaic
Insects – Sucking, Biting, Chewing, Borers & Ants.
Non insect’s pests – Nematodes, Rodents. |
2 |
|
Preparation of natural insecticides – Neem arka, Dashparni arka, Seetaphal powder, Tobacco extracts. |
2 |
7 |
Project – Each student should individually present a project related to any topic related to Horticulture. It should be duly certified presented for at practical examination. Project presentation at college level compulsory. |
|
Horticulture & Gardening Practical - II
No |
Topic |
|
1. |
Preparation of garden layout. |
1 |
2. |
List of plants suitable for garden locations -2-3 plants for each location. |
1 |
3 |
Identification of important horticultural plants.
- Herbs – foliage any 2 and flowering any 2
- Shrubs - foliage any 2 and flowering any 2
- Trees - foliage any 2 and flowering any 2
- Climbers – any 2
- Lianas - any 2
- Epiphytes - any 2
- Creepers - any 2
- Trailers - any 2
- Aquatic plants – any 3 ( Preferably various habitat)
- Succulents - any 2
- Weeds - any 10
|
4 |
4. |
Flower arrangements – Indian( Gajra, veni, garland, bouquet – basket, hand, torch type, table floral arrangement), Japanese and Western all types |
3 |
5. |
Preparation of Jams, Jellies, Squashes/ Syrups, Pickle, sauces. |
3 |
6 |
Fruit & vegetable carving & Biojewelry |
2 |
7 |
Green house plants – Information regarding to soil, temperature, irrigation, fertilizer requirements and propagation methods for Anthurium, Gerbera, Orchids, Tuberose, Carnation, Roses, Capsicum. |
1 |
Visits
To Garden / Parks/ Nurseries /Exhibition/ Horticulture industries/ Research Station and record of visits should be duly certified and presented at practical examination.
Journal:
Students will not be allowed for practical examination without their journal duly certified should be submitted for practical examination.
Horticulture & Gardening Practical - I
SkeletonQ.P.- I [Total marks : 40]
(N.B. :- Candidates should show their preparation and results to the examiners)
1. Demonstrate the propagation techniques ------------ and ----------- using the specimen A and B. 8
2. Perform Bonsai / Bottle garden / Terrarium/ Hanging baskets / Dish garden by given material. 6
3. Identify the given fertilizer D with the help of physical and chemical tests. 3
OR
Indentify and describe the given biofertilizer D. 3
4. Prepare ----------------------------- natural insecticides. 3
5.
(a) Identify and comment on the uses of the garden implements H and I. 4
(b) Identify the pest / diseases J, K and L and comment on them. 6
6. Project. 10
Horticulture & Gardening Practical - II
Skeleton Q.P. II [Total marks : 40]
1. Prepare an appropriate garden plan for the given area which will include the following three locations. Suggest at least 2 names for each location. 8
2. Make the flower arrangement / Ikebana / Bouquet/Fruit & vegetable
carving /Biojewelry /from the given material 5
3. Prepare Jams, Jellies, Squashes/ Syrups, Pickle, sauces from the given material
using appropriate method and proportion. 6
4.
(a) Identify horticultural plants A , B& C Comment on their importance .6
(b) Identify the green house plant D. Comment on its propagation and requirements. 3
5.
(a) Journal with organoleptic sheet. 5
(b) Field Diary 3
6. Viva – voce.
